Redis

hbase ,hilive，memcache

学习视频来源

NoSQL数据库简介

• 不支持ACID
• 适用高并发
• 官网
• 下载页面

概述和安装

linux

• 需要gcc的环境

gcc --version

yum install gcc 
yum install lrzsz# 上传下载组件
 # 上传
 tar -zxvf redis**
 # 在redis下的 目录make 命令进行编译。
  make && make install
# 默认安装目录
/usr/local/bin

 

安装目录

cd /usr/local/bin
redis-benchmark  性能测试工具，可以在自己本子运行，看看自己本子性能如何；
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       12 9月  12 19:47 redis-check-aof -> redis-server 修复有问题的AOP文件
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       12 9月  12 19:47 redis-check-rdb -> redis-server 修复有问题的rdb文件
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5411024 9月  12 19:47 redis-cli 客户端
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       12 9月  12 19:47 redis-sentinel -> redis-server redis集群
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11390184 9月  12 19:47 redis-server   服务端

启动

前台启动

ctrl+c 即结束了

./redis-server

后台启动

 # 默认：/usr/local/bin/redis-server  ./redis.conf 
 
cp  /data/soft/redis/redis.conf  /etc/redis.conf
vim /etc/redis.conf
#后台设置daemonize 为 yes
#启动
./redis-server /etc/redis.conf
# 连接
redis-cli -h ip   -p password

#连接完之后停止掉
shutdown

相关知识简介

默认是有16个数据库，下标从0开始，初始默认是适用0号库

#选择哪个库
select 1 ;
select 2;
flushdb ; #清空当前库
    flushall #清空所有的库

redis是采用单线程+多路复用IO技术

多路复用：是指适用一个线程来检查多个文件描述符（Socket） 的就绪状态，比如调用select 和poll函数，传入多个文件描述符，入股偶有一个文件描述符就绪，则返回，否则阻塞直到超市。得到就绪状态后进行真正的操作可以在同一个线程里成长性，也可以启动线程执行（比如适用线程池）

串行 VS 多线程+锁 VS 单线程+多路复用IO

多线程+锁 代表技术：membercache

和memcache 三点不同：redi支持多数据类型，支持持久化，多路复用IO技术

常用五大数据类型

以下表格都是通过redis中文网复制而来。感谢前人巨大的肩膀

redis中文网

redis key 操作

dbsize:查看当前库的key的数量

# 查看当前库所有的key
keys * 
# 查看某个键存不存在 返回1 存在 0 不存在
exists key1
# 查看key的类型
 type key1
 # 删除指定key的数据
 del key
 # 根据key 选择进行非阻塞删除 仅仅在keys从namespace 元数据中删除，真正的删除在后续异步操作 ，最终结果都是删除key。但是删除的方式不同，一个是同步，一个是异步
 unlink key 
 #为key设置过期时间
 expire key 10  # 10秒后key过期
 # 查看剩余时间 -1 永远不过期 -2 已经过期
 ttl key1
 
 

表格是通过redis中文网复制而来。感谢前人巨大的肩膀

redis中文网

命令	描述	语法	返回值	说明
Redis Type 命令	命令用于返回 key 所储存的值的类型	TYPE KEY_NAME	返回 key 的数据类型，数据类型有： none (key不存在) string (字符串) list (列表) set (集合) zset (有序集) hash (哈希表)
Redis PEXPIREAT 命令	Redis PEXPIREAT 命令用于设置 key 的过期时间，已毫秒技。key 过期后将不再可用。	PEXPIREAT KEY_NAME TIME_IN_MILLISECONDS_IN_UNIX_TIMESTAMP	设置成功返回 1 。 当 key 不存在或者不能为 key 设置过期时间时(比如在低于 2.1.3 版本的 Redis 中你尝试更新 key 的过期时间)返回 0
Redis Rename 命令	修改 key 的名称	RENAME OLD_KEY_NAME NEW_KEY_NAME	改名成功时提示 OK ，失败时候返回一个错误。 当 OLD_KEY_NAME 和 NEW_KEY_NAME 相同，或者 OLD_KEY_NAME 不存在时，返回一个错误。 当 NEW_KEY_NAME 已经存在时， RENAME 命令将覆盖旧值。
Redis PERSIST 命令	用于移除给定 key 的过期时间，使得 key 永不过期。	PERSIST KEY_NAME	当过期时间移除成功时，返回 1 。 如果 key 不存在或 key 没有设置过期时间，返回 0 。
Redis Move 命令	将当前数据库的 key 移动到给定的数据库 db 当中。	MOVE KEY_NAME DESTINATION_DATABASE	移动成功返回 1 ，失败则返回 0 两个数据库有相同的 key，MOVE 失败
Redis RANDOMKEY 命令	从当前数据库中随机返回一个 key 。	RANDOMKEY	当数据库不为空时，返回一个 key 。 当数据库为空时，返回 nil 。
Redis Dump 命令	序列化给定 key ，并返回被序列化的值。	DUMP KEY_NAME	如果 key 不存在，那么返回 nil 。 否则，返回序列化之后的值。	实例： \x00\x15hello, dumping world!\x06\x00E\xa0Z\x82\xd8r\xc1\xde"
Redis TTL 命令	以秒为单位，返回给定 key 的剩余生存时间(TTL, time to live)。	TTL KEY_NAME	当 key 不存在时，返回 -2 。 当 key 存在但没有设置剩余生存时间时，返回 -1 。 否则，以毫秒为单位，返回 key 的剩余生存时间。
Redis Expire 命令	seconds 为给定 key 设置过期时间。	Expire KEY_NAME TIME_IN_SECONDS	设置成功返回 1 。 当 key 不存在或者不能为 key 设置过期时间时(比如在低于 2.1.3 版本的 Redis 中你尝试更新 key 的过期时间)返回 0 。
Redis DEL 命令	Redis DEL 命令用于删除已存在的键。不存在的 key 会被忽略。	DEL KEY_NAME	被删除 key 的数量。
Redis Pttl 命令	以毫秒为单位返回 key 的剩余的过期时间。	PTTL KEY_NAME	当 key 不存在时，返回 -2 。 当 key 存在但没有设置剩余生存时间时，返回 -1 。 否则，以毫秒为单位，返回 key 的剩余生存时间。
Redis Renamenx 命令	仅当 newkey 不存在时，将 key 改名为 newkey 。	RENAMENX OLD_KEY_NAME NEW_KEY_NAME	修改成功时，返回 1 。 如果 NEW_KEY_NAME 已经存在，返回 0 。
Redis EXISTS 命令	检查给定 key 是否存在。	EXISTS KEY_NAME	若 key 存在返回 1 ，否则返回 0 。
Redis Expireat 命令	EXPIREAT 的作用和 EXPIRE 类似，都用于为 key 设置过期时间。 不同在于 EXPIREAT 命令接受的时间参数是 UNIX 时间戳(unix timestamp)。	Expireat KEY_NAME TIME_IN_UNIX_TIMESTAMP	设置成功返回 1 。 当 key 不存在或者不能为 key 设置过期时间时(比如在低于 2.1.3 版本的 Redis 中你尝试更新 key 的过期时间)返回 0 。
Redis Keys 命令	查找所有符合给定模式( pattern)的 key 。	KEYS PATTERN	符合给定模式的 key 列表 (Array)。	pattern：正则表达式

字符串

• 一个redis中字符串value最多是512M

数据结构

String 的数据结构为简单动态字符串 （Simple Dynamic String ,SDS） 。是可以修改的字符串，内部结构实现商务类似于JAVA的ArrayList,采用预分配冗余空间的方式来减少内存的频繁分配。

内部为当前字符串实际分配的空间capacity ，一般要高于实际字符串长度len,当字符串长度小于1M时，扩容都是加倍现有的空间，如果超过1M ，扩容时一次只会扩容1M 的空间，需要注意的时字符串的最大长度为512M

表格是通过redis中文网复制而来。感谢前人巨大的肩膀

redis中文网

命令	描述	语法	返回值	说明
Redis Setnx 命令（SET if Not eXists）	只有在 key 不存在时设置 key 的值。	SETNX KEY_NAME VALUE	设置成功，返回 1 。 设置失败，返回 0 。
Redis Getrange 命令	返回 key 中字符串值的子字符	GETRANGE KEY_NAME start end	截取得到的子字符串。	GETRANGE mykey 0 3 ：索引从0开始。第三位结束，如果是全部则是0 -1
Redis Mset 命令	同时设置一个或多个 key-value 对。	MSET key1 value1 key2 value2 .. keyN valueN	总是返回 OK 。
Redis Setex 命令	将值 value 关联到 key ，并将 key 的过期时间设为 seconds (以秒为单位)。 SETEX KEY_NAME TIMEOUT VALUE	SETEX KEY_NAME TIMEOUT VALUE	设置成功时返回 OK 。	原子性
Redis SET 命令	设置指定 key 的值 多次设置会覆盖掉上次的key	SET KEY_NAME VALUE	ET 在设置操作成功完成时，才返回 OK 。
Redis Get 命令	Redis Get 命令用于获取指定 key 的值。如果 key 不存在，返回 nil 。如果key 储存的值不是字符串类型，返回一个错误。	GET KEY_NAME	返回 key 的值，如果 key 不存在时，返回 nil。 如果 key 不是字符串类型，那么返回一个错误。
Redis Getbit 命令	对 key 所储存的字符串值，获取指定偏移量上的位(bit)。	GETBIT KEY_NAME OFFSET	字符串值指定偏移量上的位(bit)。当偏移量 OFFSET 比字符串值的长度大，或者 key 不存在时，返回 0 。	# 对不存在的 key 或者不存在的 offset 进行 GETBIT， 返回 0 redis EXISTS bit (integer) 0 redis GETBIT bit 10086 (integer) 0 # 对已存在的 offset 进行 GETBIT redis SETBIT bit 10086 1 (integer) 0 redis GETBIT bit 10086 (integer) 1
Redis Setbit 命令	对 key 所储存的字符串值，设置或清除指定偏移量上的位(bit)。	Setbit KEY_NAME OFFSET	指定偏移量原来储存的位。	redis SETBIT bit 10086 1 (integer) 0 redis GETBIT bit 10086 (integer) 1 redis GETBIT bit 100 # bit 默认被初始化为 0 (integer) 0
Redis Decr 命令	Redis Decr 命令将 key 中储存的数字值减一。如果 key 不存在，那么 key 的值会先被初始化为 0 ，然后再执行 DECR 操作。如果值包含错误的类型，或字符串类型的值不能表示为数字，那么返回一个错误。本操作的值限制在 64 位(bit)有符号数字表示之内。 原子操作	DECR KEY_NAME	执行命令之后 key 的值。
Redis Decrby 命令	key 所储存的值减去给定的减量值（decrement） 。 Redis Decrby 命令将 key 所储存的值减去指定的减量值。如果 key 不存在，那么 key 的值会先被初始化为 0 ，然后再执行 DECRBY 操作。如果值包含错误的类型，或字符串类型的值不能表示为数字，那么返回一个错误。本操作的值限制在 64 位(bit)有符号数字表示之内。 原子操作	DECRBY KEY_NAME DECREMENT_AMOUNT	减去指定减量值之后， key 的值。
Redis Strlen 命令	返回 key 所储存的字符串值的长度。 Redis Strlen 命令用于获取指定 key 所储存的字符串值的长度。当 key 储存的不是字符串值时，返回一个错误。	STRLEN KEY_NAME	字符串值的长度。 当 key 不存在时，返回 0。
Redis Msetnx 命令	同时设置一个或多个 key-value 对，当且仅当所有给定 key 都不存在。	MSETNX key1 value1 key2 value2 .. keyN valueN	当所有 key 都成功设置，返回 1 。 如果所有给定 key 都设置失败(至少有一个 key 已经存在)，那么返回 0 。
Redis Incrby 命令	将 key 所储存的值加上给定的增量值（increment） 。 原子操作	跟相减一样
Redis Incrbyfloat 命令	将 key 所储存的值加上给定的浮点增量值（increment） 。	INCRBYFLOAT KEY_NAME INCR_AMOUNT	执行命令之后 key 的值。	后跟的 0 会被移除 可以对整数类型执行 SET 设置的值小数部分可以是 0，但 INCRBYFLOAT 会将无用的 0 忽略掉，有需要的话，将浮点变为整数
Redis Setrange 命令	用 value 参数覆写给定 key 所储存的字符串值，从偏移量 offset 开始。	SETRANGE KEY_NAME OFFSET VALUE	被修改后的字符串长度。
Redis Psetex 命令	这个命令和 SETEX 命令相似，但它以毫秒为单位设置 key 的生存时间，而不是像 SETEX 命令那样，以秒为单位。	PSETEX key1 EXPIRY_IN_MILLISECONDS value1
Redis Append 命令	如果 key 已经存在并且是一个字符串， APPEND 命令将 value 追加到 key 原来的值的末尾。	APPEND KEY_NAME NEW_VALUE	追加指定值之后， key 中字符串的长度。	Redis Append 命令用于为指定的 key 追加值。 如果 key 已经存在并且是一个字符串， APPEND 命令将 value 追加到 key 原来的值的末尾。 如果 key 不存在， APPEND 就简单地将给定 key 设为 value ，就像执行 SET key value 一样。
Redis Getset 命令	将给定 key 的值设为 value ，并返回 key 的旧值(old value)。 GETSET KEY_NAME VALUE 返回给定 key 的旧值。 当 key 没有旧值时，即 key 不存在时，返回 nil 。 当 key 存在但不是字符串类型时，返回一个错误。	GETSET KEY_NAME VALUE	返回给定 key 的旧值。 当 key 没有旧值时，即 key 不存在时，返回 nil 。同时设置了key和value 当 key 存在但不是字符串类型时，返回一个错误。
Redis Mget 命令	获取所有(一个或多个)给定 key 的值。	MGET KEY1 KEY2 .. KEYN	一个包含所有给定 key 的值的列表。
Redis Incr 命令	将 key 中储存的数字值增一。 原子操作 如果 key 不存在，那么 key 的值会先被初始化为 0 ，然后再执行 INCR 操作

列表

数据结构

双向链表，对两端的操作性很高，通过索引下标的操作中间的节点性能会比较差.

快速链表：

首先在列表元素较少的情况下会适用一块连续的内存存储，这个结构是ziplist 也就是压缩列。

它将所有的元素紧挨着一起存储，分配的是一块连续的内存。

当数据量表较多的的时候，才会改成快速链表。

因为普通的链表需要附加的指针空间太大，会比较浪费空间，即在双向链表中添加前指针和后指针，

redis将链表和ziplist结合起来组成快速链表，也就是将过个的ziplist 适用双向的指针穿起来适用。这样既满足了插入删除的性能，又不会出现太大的空间冗余。

总结：

不存在空列表的情况，值在键在，值没了键了没了

lpush /rpush key name1,name2,name3 # 每个value都是从左/从右放，lpush : name3,name2,name1, rpush:name1,name2,name3
lpop/rpop key # 从左边/右边取出一个值  不存在空列表的情况
rpoplpush  key1 key2 : 从key1 列表右边取出一个值，插入到key2 的左边
LRANGE KEY_NAME START END :某个list，从下标start (索引从0开始)  开始找到  end 为索引
# 特殊 0 -1   0 左边第一个 -1 右边第一个，表示 获取所有
lindex key1 index
lllen key1:获取列表的长度
linsert  key before/after value  new value  在某个key 的value 前或者后添加一个新的value
lrem key1   n value  :从左边开始删除n个value  例如： 某个班的成绩列表 key 为key1 value为 ：97 98 97 98 99  如果是执行lrem  key1 2 97 ,则会把第一个和第三个共两个的97 删除
lset key index value 将列表key 的下标 index 的value 设置为value 

表格是通过redis中文网复制而来。感谢前人巨大的肩膀

redis中文网

命令	描述	语法	返回值	说明
Redis Lindex 命令	通过索引获取列表中的元素	LINDEX KEY_NAME INDEX_POSITION	列表中下标为指定索引值的元素。 如果指定索引值不在列表的区间范围内，返回 nil 。	edis Lindex 命令用于通过索引获取列表中的元素。你也可以使用负数下标，以 -1 表示列表的最后一个元素， -2 表示列表的倒数第二个元素，以此类推。
Redis Rpush 命令	Redis Rpush 命令用于将一个或多个值插入到列表的尾部(最右边)。 如果列表不存在，一个空列表会被创建并执行 RPUSH 操作。 当列表存在但不是列表类型时，返回一个错误。	RPUSH KEY_NAME VALUE1..VALUEN		每一个元素都是从右push进去的。而不是整一批 （value1...value）从右push进去的，
Redis Lrange 命令	Redis Lrange 返回列表中指定区间内的元素，区间以偏移量 START 和 END 指定。 其中 0 表示列表的第一个元素， 1 表示列表的第二个元素，以此类推。 你也可以使用负数下标，以 -1 表示列表的最后一个元素， -2 表示列表的倒数第二个元素，以此类推。	LRANGE KEY_NAME START END	一个列表，包含指定区间内的元素
Redis Rpoplpush 命令	用于移除列表的最后一个元素，并将该元素添加到另一个列表并返回。	RPOPLPUSH SOURCE_KEY_NAME DESTINATION_KEY_NAME	被弹出的元素。
Redis Blpop 命令	移出并获取列表的第一个元素， 如果列表没有元素会阻塞列表直到等待超时或发现可弹出元素为止。	BLPOP LIST1 LIST2 .. LISTN TIMEOUT	如果列表为空，返回一个 nil 。 否则，返回一个含有两个元素的列表，第一个元素是被弹出元素所属的 key ，第二个元素是被弹出元素的值。	BLPOP list1 100 在以上实例中，操作会被阻塞，如果指定的列表 key list1 存在数据则会返回第一个元素，否则在等待100秒后会返回 nil 。 (nil) (100.06s)
Redis Brpop 命令	移出并获取列表的最后一个元素， 如果列表没有元素会阻塞列表直到等待超时或发现可弹出元素为止。	BRPOP LIST1 LIST2 .. LISTN TIMEOUT
Redis Brpoplpush 命令	从列表中弹出一个值，将弹出的元素插入到另外一个列表中并返回它； 如果列表没有元素会阻塞列表直到等待超时或发现可弹出元素为止。	BRPOPLPUSH LIST1 ANOTHER_LIST TIMEOUT	假如在指定时间内没有任何元素被弹出，则返回一个 nil 和等待时长。 反之，返回一个含有两个元素的列表，第一个元素是被弹出元素的值，第二个元素是等待时长
Redis Lrem 命令	Redis Lrem 根据参数 COUNT 的值，移除列表中与参数 VALUE 相等的元素。 COUNT 的值可以是以下几种： count > 0 : 从表头开始向表尾搜索，移除与 VALUE 相等的元素，数量为 COUNT 。 count < 0 : 从表尾开始向表头搜索，移除与 VALUE 相等的元素，数量为 COUNT 的绝对值。 count = 0 : 移除表中所有与 VALUE 相等的值。	LREM KEY_NAME COUNT VALUE	被移除元素的数量。 列表不存在时返回 0 。
Redis Llen 命令	Redis Llen 命令用于返回列表的长度。 如果列表 key 不存在，则 key 被解释为一个空列表，返回 0 。 如果 key 不是列表类型，返回一个错误。	LLEN KEY_NAME	列表的长度。
Redis Ltrim 命令	对一个列表进行修剪(trim)，就是说，让列表只保留指定区间内的元素，不在指定区间之内的元素都将被删除。	LTRIM KEY_NAME START STOP	命令执行成功时，返回 ok 。	Redis Ltrim 对一个列表进行修剪(trim)，就是说，让列表只保留指定区间内的元素，不在指定区间之内的元素都将被删除。 下标 0 表示列表的第一个元素，以 1 表示列表的第二个元素，以此类推。 你也可以使用负数下标，以 -1 表示列表的最后一个元素， -2 表示列表的倒数第二个元素，以此类推。
Redis Lpop 命令	移出并获取列表的第一个元素	LPOP KEY_NAME		此处官网的语法右误
Redis Lpushx 命令	将一个或多个值插入到已存在的列表头部 Redis Lpushx 将一个或多个值插入到已存在的列表头部，列表不存在时操作无效。	LPUSHX KEY_NAME VALUE1.. VALUEN	LPUSHX 命令执行之后，列表的长度。
Redis Linsert 命令	在列表的元素前或者后插入元素 Redis Linsert 命令用于在列表的元素前或者后插入元素。 当指定元素不存在于列表中时，不执行任何操作。 当列表不存在时，被视为空列表，不执行任何操作。 如果 key 不是列表类型，返回一个错误。	LINSERT KEY_NAME BEFORE EXISTING_VALUE NEW_VALUE	如果命令执行成功，返回插入操作完成之后，列表的长度。 如果没有找到指定元素 ，返回 -1 。 如果 key 不存在或为空列表，返回 0 。
Redis Rpop 命令	移除并获取列表最后一个元素		列表的最后一个元素。 当列表不存在时，返回 nil 。
Redis Lset 命令	通过索引设置列表元素的值	:6379> LSET KEY_NAME INDEX VALUE		Redis Lset 通过索引来设置元素的值。 当索引参数超出范围，或对一个空列表进行 LSET 时，返回一个错误。 关于列表下标的更多信息，请参考 LINDEX 命令。
Redis Lpush 命令	Redis Lpush 命令将一个或多个值插入到列表头部。 如果 key 不存在，一个空列表会被创建并执行 LPUSH 操作。 当 key 存在但不是列表类型时，返回一个错误。	LPUSH KEY_NAME VALUE1.. VALUEN	执行 LPUSH 命令后，列表的长度。
Redis Rpushx 命令	为已存在的列表添加值 Redis Rpushx 命令用于将一个或多个值插入到已存在的列表尾部(最右边)。如果列表不存在，操作无效。	RPUSHX KEY_NAME VALUE1..VALUEN	执行 Rpushx 操作后，列表的长度。

集合(set)

底层其实是一个value为null的hash标，所以添加删除查找的复杂度都是O(1).

数据结构都是字典，字典是用哈希表实现的

SADD KEY_NAME VALUE1..VALUEN 返回值 ： 被添加到集合中的新元素的数量，不包括被忽略的元素

命令	描述	语法	说明
Redis Sunion 命令	返回所有给定集合的并集	SUNION KEY KEY1..KEYN
Redis Scard 命令	获取集合的成员数	SCARD KEY_NAME
Redis Srandmember 命令	返回集合中一个或多个随机数	SRANDMEMBER KEY [count]	如果 count 为正数，且小于集合基数，那么命令返回一个包含 count 个元素的数组，数组中的元素各不相同。如果 count 大于等于集合基数，那么返回整个集合。 如果 count 为负数，那么命令返回一个数组，数组中的元素可能会重复出现多次，而数组的长度为 count 的绝对值。 该操作和 SPOP 相似，但 SPOP 将随机元素从集合中移除并返回，而 Srandmember 则仅仅返回随机元素，而不对集合进行任何改动。 只提供集合 key 参数时，返回一个元素；如果集合为空，返回 nil 。 如果提供了 count 参数，那么返回一个数组；如果集合为空，返回空数组。
Redis Smembers 命令	返回集合中的所有成员	SMEMBERS KEY VALUE	Redis Smembers 命令返回集合中的所有的成员。 不存在的集合 key 被视为空集合
Redis Sinter 命令	返回给定所有集合的交集	SINTER KEY KEY1..KEYN	Redis Sinter 命令返回给定所有给定集合的交集。 不存在的集合 key 被视为空集。 当给定集合当中有一个空集时，结果也为空集(根据集合运算定律)。
Redis Srem 命令	移除集合中一个或多个成员	SREM KEY MEMBER1..MEMBERN	Redis Srem 命令用于移除集合中的一个或多个成员元素，不存在的成员元素会被忽略。 当 key 不是集合类型，返回一个错误。
Redis Smove 命令	将 member 元素从 source 集合移动到 destination 集合	SMOVE SOURCE DESTINATION MEMBER	Redis Smove 命令将指定成员 member 元素从 source 集合移动到 destination 集合。 SMOVE 是原子性操作。 如果 source 集合不存在或不包含指定的 member 元素，则 SMOVE 命令不执行任何操作，仅返回 0 。否则， member 元素从 source 集合中被移除，并添加到 destination 集合中去。 当 destination 集合已经包含 member 元素时， SMOVE 命令只是简单地将 source 集合中的 member 元素删除。 当 source 或 destination 不是集合类型时，返回一个错误。
Redis Sadd 命令	向集合添加一个或多个成员	SADD KEY_NAME VALUE1..VALUEN	Redis Sadd 命令将一个或多个成员元素加入到集合中，已经存在于集合的成员元素将被忽略。 假如集合 key 不存在，则创建一个只包含添加的元素作成员的集合。 当集合 key 不是集合类型时，返回一个错误。
Redis Sismember 命令	判断 member 元素是否是集合 key 的成员	SISMEMBER KEY VALUE	Redis Sismember 命令判断成员元素是否是集合的成员。
Redis Sdiffstore 命令	返回给定所有集合的差集并存储在 destination 中	SDIFFSTORE DESTINATION_KEY KEY1..KEYN	Redis Sdiffstore 命令将给定集合之间的差集存储在指定的集合中。如果指定的集合 key 已存在，则会被覆盖。
Redis Sdiff 命令	返回给定所有集合的差集	SDIFF FIRST_KEY OTHER_KEY1..OTHER_KEYN	Redis Sdiff 命令返回给定集合之间的差集。不存在的集合 key 将视为空集。
Redis Sscan 命令	迭代集合中的元素	SSCAN KEY [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count] sscan myset1 0 match h*	Redis Sscan 命令用于迭代集合键中的元素
Redis Sinterstore 命令	返回给定所有集合的交集并存储在 destination 中	SINTERSTORE DESTINATION_KEY KEY KEY1..KEYN	Redis Sinterstore 命令将给定集合之间的交集存储在指定的集合中。如果指定的集合已经存在，则将其覆盖。
Redis Sunionstore 命令	所有给定集合的并集存储在 destination 集合中	SUNIONSTORE DESTINATION KEY KEY1..KEYN	Redis Sunionstore 命令将给定集合的并集存储在指定的集合 destination 中
Redis Spop 命令	移除并返回集合中的一个随机元素	SPOP KEY	Redis Spop 命令用于移除并返回集合中的一个随机元素。

哈希(hash)

表格是通过redis中文网复制而来。感谢前人巨大的肩膀

redis中文网

数据结构

hash类型对应的数据结构是两种：ziplist 压缩列表 hashtable 哈希表 。当key-value 长度较短且个数较少时候，适用ziplist ,否则适用hashtable

命令	描述	语法	返回值	实例
Redis Hmset 命令	Redis Hmset 命令用于同时将多个 field-value (字段-值)对设置到哈希表中。 此命令会覆盖哈希表中已存在的字段。 如果哈希表不存在，会创建一个空哈希表，并执行 HMSET 操作。	HMSET KEY_NAME FIELD1 VALUE1 ...FIELDN VALUEN	如果命令执行成功，返回 OK 。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo" field2 "bar" OK redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET myhash field1 "foo" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET myhash field2 "bar"
Redis Hmget 命令	Redis Hmget 命令用于返回哈希表中，一个或多个给定字段的值。 如果指定的字段不存在于哈希表，那么返回一个 nil 值。	HMGET KEY_NAME FIELD1...FIELDN	一个包含多个给定字段关联值的表，表值的排列顺序和指定字段的请求顺序一样。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field2 "bar" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET myhash field1 field2 nofield 1) "foo" 2) "bar" 3) (nil)
Redis Hset 命令	Redis Hset 命令用于为哈希表中的字段赋值 。 如果哈希表不存在，一个新的哈希表被创建并进行 HSET 操作。 如果字段已经存在于哈希表中，旧值将被覆盖。	HSET KEY_NAME FIELD VALUE	如果字段是哈希表中的一个新建字段，并且值设置成功，返回 1 。 如果哈希表中域字段已经存在且旧值已被新值覆盖，返回 0 。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo" OK redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET myhash field1 "foo" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET website google "www.g.cn" # 设置一个新域 (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379>HSET website google "www.google.com" # 覆盖一个旧域 (integer) 0
Redis Hgetall 命令	Redis Hgetall 命令用于返回哈希表中，所有的字段和值。 在返回值里，紧跟每个字段名(field name)之后是字段的值(value)，所以返回值的长度是哈希表大小的两倍。	HGETALL KEY_NAME	以列表形式返回哈希表的字段及字段值。 若 key 不存在，返回空列表。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field2 "bar" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL myhash 1) "field1" 2) "Hello" 3) "field2" 4) "World"
Redis Hget 命令	获取存储在哈希表中指定字段的值/td>	HGET KEY_NAME FIELD_NAME	返回给定字段的值。如果给定的字段或 key 不存在时，返回 nil 。	# 字段存在 redis HSET site redis redis.com (integer) 1 redis HGET site redis "redis.com" # 字段不存在 redis HGET site mysql (nil)
Redis Hexists 命令	查看哈希表 key 中，指定的字段是否存在。	HEXISTS KEY_NAME FIELD_NAME	如果哈希表含有给定字段，返回 1 。 如果哈希表不含有给定字段，或 key 不存在，返回 0 。
Redis Hincrby 命令	为哈希表 key 中的指定字段的整数值加上增量 increment 。	HINCRBY KEY_NAME FIELD_NAME INCR_BY_NUMBER	Redis Hincrby 命令用于为哈希表中的字段值加上指定增量值。 增量也可以为负数，相当于对指定字段进行减法操作。 如果哈希表的 key 不存在，一个新的哈希表被创建并执行 HINCRBY 命令。 如果指定的字段不存在，那么在执行命令前，字段的值被初始化为 0 。 对一个储存字符串值的字段执行 HINCRBY 命令将造成一个错误。 本操作的值被限制在 64 位(bit)有符号数字表示之内。
Redis Hlen 命令	获取哈希表中字段的数量	HLEN KEY_NAME	哈希表中字段的数量。 当 key 不存在时，返回 0 。
Redis Hdel 命令	删除一个或多个哈希表字段	HDEL KEY_NAME FIELD1.. FIELDN	被成功删除字段的数量，不包括被忽略的字段。
Redis Hvals 命令	获取哈希表中所有值	HVALS KEY_NAME （此处官网有误）	一个包含哈希表中所有值的表。 当 key 不存在时，返回一个空表。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field2 "bar" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS myhash 1) "foo" 2) "bar" # 空哈希表/不存在的key redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS not_exists (integer) 0 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS not_exists (empty list or set)
Redis Hincrbyfloat 命令	Redis Hincrbyfloat 命令用于为哈希表中的字段值加上指定浮点数增量值。 如果指定的字段不存在，那么在执行命令前，字段的值被初始化为 0 。	HINCRBYFLOAT KEY_NAME FIELD_NAME INCR_BY_NUMBER	执行 Hincrbyfloat 命令之后，哈希表中字段的值。
Redis Hkeys 命令	获取所有哈希表中的字段	HKEYS KEY_NAME （此处官网有误）	包含哈希表中所有字段的列表。 当 key 不存在时，返回一个空列表。
Redis Hsetnx 命令	Redis Hsetnx 命令用于为哈希表中不存在的的字段赋值 。 如果哈希表不存在，一个新的哈希表被创建并进行 HSET 操作。 如果字段已经存在于哈希表中，操作无效。 如果 key 不存在，一个新哈希表被创建并执行 HSETNX 命令。	HSETNX KEY_NAME FIELD VALUE	设置成功，返回 1 。 如果给定字段已经存在且没有操作被执行，返回 0 。

有序集合（Hzet）

表格是通过redis中文网复制而来。感谢前人巨大的肩膀

redis中文网

命令	描述	语法	返回值	说明
Redis Zrevrank 命令	Redis Zrevrank 命令返回有序集中成员的排名。其中有序集成员按分数值递减(从大到小)排序。 排名以 0 为底，也就是说， 分数值最大的成员排名为 0 。 使用 ZRANK 命令可以获得成员按分数值递增(从小到大)排列的排名。	ZREVRANK key member	如果成员是有序集 key 的成员，返回成员的排名。 如果成员不是有序集 key 的成员，返回 nil 。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE salary 0 -1 WITHSCORES # 测试数据 1) "jack" 2) "2000" 3) "peter" 4) "3500" 5) "tom" 6) "5000" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK salary peter # peter 的工资排第二 (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK salary tom # tom 的工资最高 (integer) 0
Redis Zlexcount 命令	Redis Zlexcount 命令在计算有序集合中指定字典区间内成员数量。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZLEXCOUNT KEY MIN MAX	指定区间内的成员数量。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 a 0 b 0 c 0 d 0 e (integer) 5 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 f 0 g (integer) 2 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZLEXCOUNT myzset - + (integer) 7 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZLEXCOUNT myzset [b [f (integer) 5
Redis Zunionstore 命令 不是很明白	Redis Zunionstore 命令计算给定的一个或多个有序集的并集，其中给定 key 的数量必须以 numkeys 参数指定，并将该并集(结果集)储存到 destination 。 默认情况下，结果集中某个成员的分数值是所有给定集下该成员分数值之和 。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZUNIONSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight [weight ...]] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]	保存到 destination 的结果集的成员数量。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE programmer 0 -1 WITHSCORES 1) "peter" 2) "2000" 3) "jack" 4) "3500" 5) "tom" 6) "5000" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE manager 0 -1 WITHSCORES 1) "herry" 2) "2000" 3) "mary" 4) "3500" 5) "bob" 6) "4000" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZUNIONSTORE salary 2 programmer manager WEIGHTS 1 3 # 公司决定加薪。。。除了程序员。。。 (integer) 6 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE salary 0 -1 WITHSCORES 1) "peter" 2) "2000" 3) "jack" 4) "3500" 5) "tom" 6) "5000" 7) "herry" 8) "6000" 9) "mary" 10) "10500" 11) "bob" 12) "12000"
Redis Zremrangebyrank 命令	移除有序集合中给定的排名区间的所有成员	ZREMRANGEBYRANK key start stop	被移除成员的数量。
Redis Zcard 命令	获取有序集合的成员数	ZCARD KEY_NAME	当 key 存在且是有序集类型时，返回有序集的基数。 当 key 不存在时，返回 0 。
Redis Zrem 命令	Redis Zrem 命令用于移除有序集中的一个或多个成员，不存在的成员将被忽略。 当 key 存在但不是有序集类型时，返回一个错误。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK key member	被成功移除的成员的数量，不包括被忽略的成员
Redis Zinterstore 命令（不是很懂，需加查看）	Redis Zinterstore 命令计算给定的一个或多个有序集的交集，其中给定 key 的数量必须以 numkeys 参数指定，并将该交集(结果集)储存到 destination 。 默认情况下，结果集中某个成员的分数值是所有给定集下该成员分数值之和。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZINTERSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight [weight ...]] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]	保存到目标结果集的的成员数量。	# 有序集 mid_test redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD mid_test 70 "Li Lei" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD mid_test 70 "Han Meimei" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD mid_test 99.5 "Tom" (integer) 1 # 另一个有序集 fin_test redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD fin_test 88 "Li Lei" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD fin_test 75 "Han Meimei" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD fin_test 99.5 "Tom" (integer) 1 # 交集 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZINTERSTORE sum_point 2 mid_test fin_test (integer) 3 # 显示有序集内所有成员及其分数值 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sum_point 0 -1 WITHSCORES 1) "Han Meimei" 2) "145" 3) "Li Lei" 4) "158" 5) "Tom" 6) "199"
Redis Zrank 命令	Redis Zrank 返回有序集中指定成员的排名。其中有序集成员按分数值递增(从小到大)顺序排列。	ZRANK key member	如果成员是有序集 key 的成员，返回 member 的排名。 如果成员不是有序集 key 的成员，返回 nil 。
Redis Zincrby 命令	Redis Zincrby 命令对有序集合中指定成员的分数加上增量 increment 可以通过传递一个负数值 increment ，让分数减去相应的值，比如 ZINCRBY key -5 member ，就是让 member 的 score 值减去 5 。 当 key 不存在，或分数不是 key 的成员时， ZINCRBY key increment member 等同于 ZADD key increment member 。 当 key 不是有序集类型时，返回一个错误。 分数值可以是整数值或双精度浮点数。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZINCRBY key increment member	member 成员的新分数值，以字符串形式表示。
Redis Zrangebyscore 命令	Redis Zrangebyscore 返回有序集合中指定分数区间的成员列表。有序集成员按分数值递增(从小到大)次序排列。 具有相同分数值的成员按字典序来排列(该属性是有序集提供的，不需要额外的计算)。 默认情况下，区间的取值使用闭区间 (小于等于或大于等于)，你也可以通过给参数前增加 ( 符号来使用可选的开区间 (小于或大于)。 举个例子： ZRANGEBYSCORE zset (1 5 返回所有符合条件 1 < score <= 5 的成员，而 ZRANGEBYSCORE zset (5 (10 则返回所有符合条件 5 < score < 10 的成员。	ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]	指定区间内，带有分数值(可选)的有序集成员的列表。
Redis Zrangebylex 命令	通过字典区间返回有序集合的成员	ZRANGEBYLEX key min max [LIMIT offset count]	指定区间内的元素列表。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 a 0 b 0 c 0 d 0 e 0 f 0 g (integer) 7 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYLEX myzset - [c 1) "a" 2) "b" 3) "c" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYLEX myzset - (c 1) "a" 2) "b" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYLEX myzset [aaa (g 1) "b" 2) "c" 3) "d" 4) "e" 5) "f" redis
Redis Zscore 命令	redis Zscore 命令返回有序集中，成员的分数值。 如果成员元素不是有序集 key 的成员，或 key 不存在，返回 nil 。	ZSCORE key member	成员的分数值，以字符串形式表示。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE salary 0 -1 WITHSCORES # 测试数据 1) "tom" 2) "2000" 3) "peter" 4) "3500" 5) "jack" 6) "5000" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE salary peter # 注意返回值是字符串 "3500"
Redis Zremrangebyscore 命令	移除有序集合中给定的分数区间的所有成员	ZREMRANGEBYSCORE key min max	被移除成员的数量。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE salary 0 -1 WITHSCORES # 显示有序集内所有成员及其 score 值 1) "tom" 2) "2000" 3) "peter" 4) "3500" 5) "jack" 6) "5000" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYSCORE salary 1500 3500 # 移除所有薪水在 1500 到 3500 内的员工 (integer) 2 redis ZRANGE salary 0 -1 WITHSCORES # 剩下的有序集成员 1) "jack" 2) "5000"
Redis Zscan 命令	迭代有序集合中的元素（包括元素成员和元素分值）	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]	返回的每个元素都是一个有序集合元素，一个有序集合元素由一个成员（member）和一个分值（score）组成。
Redis Zrevrangebyscore 命令(不是很懂，需加查看)	Redis Zrevrangebyscore 返回有序集中指定分数区间内的所有的成员。有序集成员按分数值递减(从大到小)的次序排列。 具有相同分数值的成员按字典序的逆序(reverse lexicographical order )排列。 除了成员按分数值递减的次序排列这一点外， ZREVRANGEBYSCORE 命令的其他方面和 ZRANGEBYSCORE 命令一样。	ZREVRANGEBYSCORE key max min [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]	指定区间内，带有分数值(可选)的有序集成员的列表。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD salary 10086 jack (integer) 1 redis ZADD salary 5000 tom (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD salary 7500 peter (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD salary 3500 joe (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE salary +inf -inf # 逆序排列所有成员 1) "jack" 2) "peter" 3) "tom" 4) "joe" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE salary 10000 2000 # 逆序排列薪水介于 10000 和 2000 之间的成员 1) "peter" 2) "tom" 3) "joe"
Redis Zremrangebylex 命令	移除有序集合中给定的字典区间的所有成员	ZREMRANGEBYLEX key min max	被成功移除的成员的数量，不包括被忽略的成员。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 aaaa 0 b 0 c 0 d 0 e (integer) 5 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 foo 0 zap 0 zip 0 ALPHA 0 alpha (integer) 5 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myzset 0 -1 1) "ALPHA" 2) "aaaa" 3) "alpha" 4) "b" 5) "c" 6) "d" 7) "e" 8) "foo" 9) "zap" 10) "zip" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYLEX myzset [alpha [omega (integer) 6 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myzset 0 -1 1) "ALPHA" 2) "aaaa" 3) "zap" 4) "zip" redis
Redis Zrevrange 命令	redis Zrevrange 命令返回有序集中，指定区间内的成员。 其中成员的位置按分数值递减(从大到小)来排列。 具有相同分数值的成员按字典序的逆序(reverse lexicographical order)排列。 除了成员按分数值递减的次序排列这一点外， ZREVRANGE 命令的其他方面和 ZRANGE 命令一样。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]	指定区间内，带有分数值(可选)的有序集成员的列表。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE salary 0 -1 WITHSCORES # 递增排列 1) "peter" 2) "3500" 3) "tom" 4) "4000" 5) "jack" 6) "5000" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE salary 0 -1 WITHSCORES # 递减排列 1) "jack" 2) "5000" 3) "tom" 4) "4000" 5) "peter" 6) "3500"
Redis Zrange 命令	Redis Zrange 返回有序集中，指定区间内的成员。 其中成员的位置按分数值递增(从小到大)来排序。 具有相同分数值的成员按字典序(lexicographical order )来排列。 如果你需要成员按 值递减(从大到小)来排列，请使用 ZREVRANGE 命令。 下标参数 start 和 stop 都以 0 为底，也就是说，以 0 表示有序集第一个成员，以 1 表示有序集第二个成员，以此类推。 你也可以使用负数下标，以 -1 表示最后一个成员， -2 表示倒数第二个成员，以此类推。	ZRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]	指定区间内，带有分数值(可选)的有序集成员的列表。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE salary 0 -1 WITHSCORES # 显示整个有序集成员 1) "jack" 2) "3500" 3) "tom" 4) "5000" 5) "boss" 6) "10086" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE salary 1 2 WITHSCORES # 显示有序集下标区间 1 至 2 的成员 1) "tom" 2) "5000" 3) "boss" 4) "10086" redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE salary 0 200000 WITHSCORES # 测试 end 下标超出最大下标时的情况 1) "jack" 2) "3500" 3) "tom" 4) "5000" 5) "boss" 6) "10086" redis ZRANGE salary 200000 3000000 WITHSCORES # 测试当给定区间不存在于有序集时的情况 (empty list or set)
Redis Zcount 命令	计算在有序集合中指定区间分数的成员数	ZCOUNT key min max	分数值在 min 和 max 之间的成员的数量。	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 1 "hello" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 1 "foo" (integer) 1 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 2 "world" 3 "bar" (integer) 2 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT myzset 1 3 (integer) 4
Redis Zadd 命令	Redis Zadd 命令用于将一个或多个成员元素及其分数值加入到有序集当中。 如果某个成员已经是有序集的成员，那么更新这个成员的分数值，并通过重新插入这个成员元素，来保证该成员在正确的位置上。 分数值可以是整数值或双精度浮点数。 如果有序集合 key 不存在，则创建一个空的有序集并执行 ZADD 操作。 当 key 存在但不是有序集类型时，返回一个错误。	ZADD KEY_NAME SCORE1 VALUE1.. SCOREN VALUEN 可用版本	被成功添加的新成员的数量，不包括那些被更新的、已经存在的成员

数据结构

zset底层使用了两个数据结构

• hash ，hash的作用就是关联元素value和权重score ,保障元素的value的唯一性，可以通过元素的value找到相应的score值
• 跳跃表，跳跃表在于给元素value排序，根据score的范围获取元素列表

跳跃表（重点）

效率比红黑树，简单

空间换时间

配置文件略解

通过查找 cyx 快速定位解释

默认配置

# Redis configuration file example.
#
# Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be
# started with the file path as first argument:
#
# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
# cyx 配置大小单位，只支持bytes ,不支持bit 不区分大小小
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.
# cyx 可以包含其他文件的配置
################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# Include one or more other config files here.  This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings.  Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# Note that option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"
# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes
# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
#
# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
# options, it is better to use include as the last line.
#
# Included paths may contain wildcards. All files matching the wildcards will
# be included in alphabetical order.
# Note that if an include path contains a wildcards but no files match it when
# the server is started, the include statement will be ignored and no error will
# be emitted.  It is safe, therefore, to include wildcard files from empty
# directories.
#
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf
# include /path/to/fragments/*.conf
#
# cyx 第三部分没讲  
################################## MODULES #####################################

# Load modules at startup. If the server is not able to load modules
# it will abort. It is possible to use multiple loadmodule directives.
#
# loadmodule /path/to/my_module.so
# loadmodule /path/to/other_module.so

# cyx 第四部分没讲  
################################## NETWORK #####################################

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all available network interfaces on the host machine.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
# Each address can be prefixed by "-", which means that redis will not fail to
# start if the address is not available. Being not available only refers to
# addresses that does not correspond to any network interface. Addresses that
# are already in use will always fail, and unsupported protocols will always BE
# silently skipped.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1     # listens on two specific IPv4 addresses
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1              # listens on loopback IPv4 and IPv6 访问只能本地访问
# bind * -::*                     # like the default, all available interfaces
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only on the
# IPv4 and IPv6 (if available) loopback interface addresses (this means Redis
# will only be able to accept client connections from the same host that it is
# running on).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# COMMENT OUT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
#
# You will also need to set a password unless you explicitly disable protected
# mode.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
bind 127.0.0.1 -::1

# By default, outgoing connections (from replica to master, from Sentinel to
# instances, cluster bus, etc.) are not bound to a specific local address. In
# most cases, this means the operating system will handle that based on routing
# and the interface through which the connection goes out.
#
# Using bind-source-addr it is possible to configure a specific address to bind
# to, which may also affect how the connection gets routed.
#
# Example:
#
# bind-source-addr 10.0.0.1

# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and the default user has no password, the server
# only accepts local connections from the IPv4 address (127.0.0.1), IPv6 address
# (::1) or Unix domain sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured.
# cyx 关闭保护模式，支持远程访问模式
protected-mode yes

# Redis uses default hardened security configuration directives to reduce the
# attack surface on innocent users. Therefore, several sensitive configuration
# directives are immutable, and some potentially-dangerous commands are blocked.
#
# Configuration directives that control files that Redis writes to (e.g., 'dir'
# and 'dbfilename') and that aren't usually modified during runtime
# are protected by making them immutable.
#
# Commands that can increase the attack surface of Redis and that aren't usually
# called by users are blocked by default.
#
# These can be exposed to either all connections or just local ones by setting
# each of the configs listed below to either of these values:
#
# no    - Block for any connection (remain immutable)
# yes   - Allow for any connection (no protection)
# local - Allow only for local connections. Ones originating from the
#         IPv4 address (127.0.0.1), IPv6 address (::1) or Unix domain sockets.
#
# enable-protected-configs no
# enable-debug-command no
# enable-module-command no

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
# cyx 端口号
port 6379

# TCP listen() backlog.
#
# In high requests-per-second environments you need a high backlog in order
# to avoid slow clients connection issues. Note that the Linux kernel
# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
# in order to get the desired effect.
# cyx  设置tcp的backlog,backlog其实是一个连接队列， backlog队列总和=未完成三次握手+已经完成三次握手的队列
# 在高并发环境下，需要设置一个高的backlog的值来避免慢客户端连接问题
# Linux 内核会将这个值减小到 /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 的值 128 ，所以需要确认增大  /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 和 、proc/sys/net/ipv4/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog  (128 )来达到想要的效果
tcp-backlog 511

# Unix socket.
#
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /run/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700

# cyx 永不超时  1 不操作1秒就会断开连接
# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 0

# TCP keepalive.
#
# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
#
# 1) Detect dead peers.
# 2) Force network equipment in the middle to consider the connection to be
#    alive.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new
# Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1.
# cyx 检测心跳时间 ，如果超过300s就结束连接  与上述有所区别的是： 上面是外部连接redis,心跳是redis向外部说明服务是否还在
tcp-keepalive 300

# Apply OS-specific mechanism to mark the listening socket with the specified
# ID, to support advanced routing and filtering capabilities.
#
# On Linux, the ID represents a connection mark.
# On FreeBSD, the ID represents a socket cookie ID.
# On OpenBSD, the ID represents a route table ID.
#
# The default value is 0, which implies no marking is required.
# socket-mark-id 0

################################# TLS/SSL #####################################

# By default, TLS/SSL is disabled. To enable it, the "tls-port" configuration
# directive can be used to define TLS-listening ports. To enable TLS on the
# default port, use:
#
# port 0
# tls-port 6379

# Configure a X.509 certificate and private key to use for authenticating the
# server to connected clients, masters or cluster peers.  These files should be
# PEM formatted.
#
# tls-cert-file redis.crt
# tls-key-file redis.key
#
# If the key file is encrypted using a passphrase, it can be included here
# as well.
#
# tls-key-file-pass secret

# Normally Redis uses the same certificate for both server functions (accepting
# connections) and client functions (replicating from a master, establishing
# cluster bus connections, etc.).
#
# Sometimes certificates are issued with attributes that designate them as
# client-only or server-only certificates. In that case it may be desired to use
# different certificates for incoming (server) and outgoing (client)
# connections. To do that, use the following directives:
#
# tls-client-cert-file client.crt
# tls-client-key-file client.key
#
# If the key file is encrypted using a passphrase, it can be included here
# as well.
#
# tls-client-key-file-pass secret

# Configure a DH parameters file to enable Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange,
# required by older versions of OpenSSL (<3.0). Newer versions do not require
# this configuration and recommend against it.
#
# tls-dh-params-file redis.dh

# Configure a CA certificate(s) bundle or directory to authenticate TLS/SSL
# clients and peers.  Redis requires an explicit configuration of at least one
# of these, and will not implicitly use the system wide configuration.
#
# tls-ca-cert-file ca.crt
# tls-ca-cert-dir /etc/ssl/certs

# By default, clients (including replica servers) on a TLS port are required
# to authenticate using valid client side certificates.
#
# If "no" is specified, client certificates are not required and not accepted.
# If "optional" is specified, client certificates are accepted and must be
# valid if provided, but are not required.
#
# tls-auth-clients no
# tls-auth-clients optional

# By default, a Redis replica does not attempt to establish a TLS connection
# with its master.
#
# Use the following directive to enable TLS on replication links.
#
# tls-replication yes

# By default, the Redis Cluster bus uses a plain TCP connection. To enable
# TLS for the bus protocol, use the following directive:
#
# tls-cluster yes

# By default, only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3 are enabled and it is highly recommended
# that older formally deprecated versions are kept disabled to reduce the attack surface.
# You can explicitly specify TLS versions to support.
# Allowed values are case insensitive and include "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2",
# "TLSv1.3" (OpenSSL >= 1.1.1) or any combination.
# To enable only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3, use:
#
# tls-protocols "TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3"

# Configure allowed ciphers.  See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information
# about the syntax of this string.
#
# Note: this configuration applies only to <= TLSv1.2.
#
# tls-ciphers DEFAULT:!MEDIUM

# Configure allowed TLSv1.3 ciphersuites.  See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more
# information about the syntax of this string, and specifically for TLSv1.3
# ciphersuites.
#
# tls-ciphersuites TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

# When choosing a cipher, use the server's preference instead of the client
# preference. By default, the server follows the client's preference.
#
# tls-prefer-server-ciphers yes

# By default, TLS session caching is enabled to allow faster and less expensive
# reconnections by clients that support it. Use the following directive to disable
# caching.
#
# tls-session-caching no

# Change the default number of TLS sessions cached. A zero value sets the cache
# to unlimited size. The default size is 20480.
#
# tls-session-cache-size 5000

# Change the default timeout of cached TLS sessions. The default timeout is 300
# seconds.
#
# tls-session-cache-timeout 60

################################# GENERAL #####################################

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
# When Redis is supervised by upstart or systemd, this parameter has no impact.
# cyx 是否启用后台启动，常用为yes
daemonize no

# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
#   supervised no      - no supervision interaction
#   supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
#                        requires "expect stop" in your upstart job config
#   supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
#                        on startup, and updating Redis status on a regular
#                        basis.
#   supervised auto    - detect upstart or systemd method based on
#                        UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
#       They do not enable continuous pings back to your supervisor.
#
# The default is "no". To run under upstart/systemd, you can simply uncomment
# the line below:
#
# supervised auto

# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
#
# Note that on modern Linux systems "/run/redis.pid" is more conforming
# and should be used instead.
# cyx 保存进程号
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid

# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level) 类似于info
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
# cyx 日志级别  debug  verbose notic warning 
loglevel notice

# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
#cyx 日志文件所在文件
logfile ""

# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no

# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis

# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# syslog-facility local0

# To disable the built in crash log, which will possibly produce cleaner core
# dumps when they are needed, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-log-enabled no

# To disable the fast memory check that's run as part of the crash log, which
# will possibly let redis terminate sooner, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-memcheck-enabled no

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
# cyx 设置有多少个数据库，默认是16个
databases 16

# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY and syslog logging is
# disabled. Basically this means that normally a logo is displayed only in
# interactive sessions.
#
# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
always-show-logo no

# By default, Redis modifies the process title (as seen in 'top' and 'ps') to
# provide some runtime information. It is possible to disable this and leave
# the process name as executed by setting the following to no.
set-proc-title yes

# When changing the process title, Redis uses the following template to construct
# the modified title.
#
# Template variables are specified in curly brackets. The following variables are
# supported:
#
# {title}           Name of process as executed if parent, or type of child process.
# {listen-addr}     Bind address or '*' followed by TCP or TLS port listening on, or
#                   Unix socket if only that's available.
# {server-mode}     Special mode, i.e. "[sentinel]" or "[cluster]".
# {port}            TCP port listening on, or 0.
# {tls-port}        TLS port listening on, or 0.
# {unixsocket}      Unix domain socket listening on, or "".
# {config-file}     Name of configuration file used.
#
proc-title-template "{title} {listen-addr} {server-mode}"

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################

# Save the DB to disk.
#
# save <seconds> <changes> [<seconds> <changes> ...]
#
# Redis will save the DB if the given number of seconds elapsed and it
# surpassed the given number of write operations against the DB.
#
# Snapshotting can be completely disabled with a single empty string argument
# as in following example:
#
# save ""
#
# Unless specified otherwise, by default Redis will save the DB:
#   * After 3600 seconds (an hour) if at least 1 change was performed
#   * After 300 seconds (5 minutes) if at least 100 changes were performed
#   * After 60 seconds if at least 10000 changes were performed
#
# You can set these explicitly by uncommenting the following line.
#
# save 3600 1 300 100 60 10000

# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# By default compression is enabled as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes

# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes

# Enables or disables full sanitization checks for ziplist and listpack etc when
# loading an RDB or RESTORE payload. This reduces the chances of a assertion or
# crash later on while processing commands.
# Options:
#   no         - Never perform full sanitization
#   yes        - Always perform full sanitization
#   clients    - Perform full sanitization only for user connections.
#                Excludes: RDB files, RESTORE commands received from the master
#                connection, and client connections which have the
#                skip-sanitize-payload ACL flag.
# The default should be 'clients' but since it currently affects cluster
# resharding via MIGRATE, it is temporarily set to 'no' by default.
#
# sanitize-dump-payload no

# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb

# Remove RDB files used by replication in instances without persistence
# enabled. By default this option is disabled, however there are environments
# where for regulations or other security concerns, RDB files persisted on
# disk by masters in order to feed replicas, or stored on disk by replicas
# in order to load them for the initial synchronization, should be deleted
# ASAP. Note that this option ONLY WORKS in instances that have both AOF
# and RDB persistence disabled, otherwise is completely ignored.
#
# An alternative (and sometimes better) way to obtain the same effect is
# to use diskless replication on both master and replicas instances. However
# in the case of replicas, diskless is not always an option.
rdb-del-sync-files no

# The working directory.
#
# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.
#
# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
dir ./

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Replica replication. Use replicaof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
#
#   +------------------+      +---------------+
#   |      Master      | ---> |    Replica    |
#   | (receive writes) |      |  (exact copy) |
#   +------------------+      +---------------+
#
# 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
#    stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
#    a given number of replicas.
# 2) Redis replicas are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
#    master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
#    time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
#    sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
# 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
#    network partition replicas automatically try to reconnect to masters
#    and resynchronize with them.
#
# replicaof <masterip> <masterport>

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the replica request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>
#
# However this is not enough if you are using Redis ACLs (for Redis version
# 6 or greater), and the default user is not capable of running the PSYNC
# command and/or other commands needed for replication. In this case it's
# better to configure a special user to use with replication, and specify the
# masteruser configuration as such:
#
# masteruser <username>
#
# When masteruser is specified, the replica will authenticate against its
# master using the new AUTH form: AUTH <username> <password>.

# When a replica loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the replica can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the replica will
#    still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
#    data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) If replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the replica will reply with error
#    "MASTERDOWN Link with MASTER is down and replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'no'"
#    to all data access commands, excluding commands such as:
#    INFO, REPLICAOF, AUTH, SHUTDOWN, REPLCONF, ROLE, CONFIG, SUBSCRIBE,
#    UNSUBSCRIBE, PSUBSCRIBE, PUNSUBSCRIBE, PUBLISH, PUBSUB, COMMAND, POST,
#    HOST and LATENCY.
#
replica-serve-stale-data yes

# You can configure a replica instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
# a replica instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
# written on a replica will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
# misconfiguration.
#
# Since Redis 2.6 by default replicas are read-only.
#
# Note: read only replicas are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only replica exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only replicas using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
replica-read-only yes

# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
#
# New replicas and reconnecting replicas that are not able to continue the
# replication process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a
# "full synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the
# replicas.
#
# The transmission can happen in two different ways:
#
# 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
#                 file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
#                 process to the replicas incrementally.
# 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
#              RDB file to replica sockets, without touching the disk at all.
#
# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more replicas
# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child
# producing the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead
# once the transfer starts, new replicas arriving will be queued and a new
# transfer will start when the current one terminates.
#
# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple
# replicas will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.
#
# With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication
# works better.
repl-diskless-sync yes

# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
# the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket
# to the replicas.
#
# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
# new replicas arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the
# server waits a delay in order to let more replicas arrive.
#
# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
# it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5

# When diskless replication is enabled with a delay, it is possible to let
# the replication start before the maximum delay is reached if the maximum
# number of replicas expected have connected. Default of 0 means that the
# maximum is not defined and Redis will wait the full delay.
repl-diskless-sync-max-replicas 0

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: RDB diskless load is experimental. Since in this setup the replica
# does not immediately store an RDB on disk, it may cause data loss during
# failovers. RDB diskless load + Redis modules not handling I/O reads may also
# cause Redis to abort in case of I/O errors during the initial synchronization
# stage with the master. Use only if you know what you are doing.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Replica can load the RDB it reads from the replication link directly from the
# socket, or store the RDB to a file and read that file after it was completely
# received from the master.
#
# In many cases the disk is slower than the network, and storing and loading
# the RDB file may increase replication time (and even increase the master's
# Copy on Write memory and replica buffers).
# However, parsing the RDB file directly from the socket may mean that we have
# to flush the contents of the current database before the full rdb was
# received. For this reason we have the following options:
#
# "disabled"    - Don't use diskless load (store the rdb file to the disk first)
# "on-empty-db" - Use diskless load only when it is completely safe.
# "swapdb"      - Keep current db contents in RAM while parsing the data directly
#                 from the socket. Replicas in this mode can keep serving current
#                 data set while replication is in progress, except for cases where
#                 they can't recognize master as having a data set from same
#                 replication history.
#                 Note that this requires sufficient memory, if you don't have it,
#                 you risk an OOM kill.
repl-diskless-load disabled

# Master send PINGs to its replicas in a predefined interval. It's possible to
# change this interval with the repl_ping_replica_period option. The default
# value is 10 seconds.
#
# repl-ping-replica-period 10

# The following option sets the replication timeout for:
#
# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of replica.
# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of replicas (data, pings).
# 3) Replica timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-replica-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the replica. The default
# value is 60 seconds.
#
# repl-timeout 60

# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the replica socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to replicas. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the replica side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the replica side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and replicas are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no

# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates
# replica data when replicas are disconnected for some time, so that when a
# replica wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a
# partial resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the replica
# missed while disconnected.
#
# The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the replica can endure the
# disconnect and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
#
# The backlog is only allocated if there is at least one replica connected.
#
# repl-backlog-size 1mb

# After a master has no connected replicas for some time, the backlog will be
# freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that need to
# elapse, starting from the time the last replica disconnected, for the backlog
# buffer to be freed.
#
# Note that replicas never free the backlog for timeout, since they may be
# promoted to masters later, and should be able to correctly "partially
# resynchronize" with other replicas: hence they should always accumulate backlog.
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
#
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600

# The replica priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO
# output. It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a replica to promote
# into a master if the master is no longer working correctly.
#
# A replica with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
# for instance if there are three replicas with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel
# will pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
#
# However a special priority of 0 marks the replica as not able to perform the
# role of master, so a replica with priority of 0 will never be selected by
# Redis Sentinel for promotion.
#
# By default the priority is 100.
replica-priority 100

# The propagation error behavior controls how Redis will behave when it is
# unable to handle a command being processed in the replication stream from a master
# or processed while reading from an AOF file. Errors that occur during propagation
# are unexpected, and can cause data inconsistency. However, there are edge cases
# in earlier versions of Redis where it was possible for the server to replicate or persist
# commands that would fail on future versions. For this reason the default behavior
# is to ignore such errors and continue processing commands.
#
# If an application wants to ensure there is no data divergence, this configuration
# should be set to 'panic' instead. The value can also be set to 'panic-on-replicas'
# to only panic when a replica encounters an error on the replication stream. One of
# these two panic values will become the default value in the future once there are
# sufficient safety mechanisms in place to prevent false positive crashes.
#
# propagation-error-behavior ignore

# Replica ignore disk write errors controls the behavior of a replica when it is
# unable to persist a write command received from its master to disk. By default,
# this configuration is set to 'no' and will crash the replica in this condition.
# It is not recommended to change this default, however in order to be compatible
# with older versions of Redis this config can be toggled to 'yes' which will just
# log a warning and execute the write command it got from the master.
#
# replica-ignore-disk-write-errors no

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# By default, Redis Sentinel includes all replicas in its reports. A replica
# can be excluded from Redis Sentinel's announcements. An unannounced replica
# will be ignored by the 'sentinel replicas <master>' command and won't be
# exposed to Redis Sentinel's clients.
#
# This option does not change the behavior of replica-priority. Even with
# replica-announced set to 'no', the replica can be promoted to master. To
# prevent this behavior, set replica-priority to 0.
#
# replica-announced yes

# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N replicas connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N replicas need to be in "online" state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the replica, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough replicas
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 replicas with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
# min-replicas-to-write 3
# min-replicas-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-replicas-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-replicas-max-lag is set to 10.

# A Redis master is able to list the address and port of the attached
# replicas in different ways. For example the "INFO replication" section
# offers this information, which is used, among other tools, by
# Redis Sentinel in order to discover replica instances.
# Another place where this info is available is in the output of the
# "ROLE" command of a master.
#
# The listed IP address and port normally reported by a replica is
# obtained in the following way:
#
#   IP: The address is auto detected by checking the peer address
#   of the socket used by the replica to connect with the master.
#
#   Port: The port is communicated by the replica during the replication
#   handshake, and is normally the port that the replica is using to
#   listen for connections.
#
# However when port forwarding or Network Address Translation (NAT) is
# used, the replica may actually be reachable via different IP and port
# pairs. The following two options can be used by a replica in order to
# report to its master a specific set of IP and port, so that both INFO
# and ROLE will report those values.
#
# There is no need to use both the options if you need to override just
# the port or the IP address.
#
# replica-announce-ip 5.5.5.5
# replica-announce-port 1234

############################### KEYS TRACKING #################################

# Redis implements server assisted support for client side caching of values.
# This is implemented using an invalidation table that remembers, using
# a radix key indexed by key name, what clients have which keys. In turn
# this is used in order to send invalidation messages to clients. Please
# check this page to understand more about the feature:
#
#   https://redis.io/topics/client-side-caching
#
# When tracking is enabled for a client, all the read only queries are assumed
# to be cached: this will force Redis to store information in the invalidation
# table. When keys are modified, such information is flushed away, and
# invalidation messages are sent to the clients. However if the workload is
# heavily dominated by reads, Redis could use more and more memory in order
# to track the keys fetched by many clients.
#
# For this reason it is possible to configure a maximum fill value for the
# invalidation table. By default it is set to 1M of keys, and once this limit
# is reached, Redis will start to evict keys in the invalidation table
# even if they were not modified, just to reclaim memory: this will in turn
# force the clients to invalidate the cached values. Basically the table
# maximum size is a trade off between the memory you want to spend server
# side to track information about who cached what, and the ability of clients
# to retain cached objects in memory.
#
# If you set the value to 0, it means there are no limits, and Redis will
# retain as many keys as needed in the invalidation table.
# In the "stats" INFO section, you can find information about the number of
# keys in the invalidation table at every given moment.
#
# Note: when key tracking is used in broadcasting mode, no memory is used
# in the server side so this setting is useless.
#
# tracking-table-max-keys 1000000

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast, an outside user can try up to
# 1 million passwords per second against a modern box. This means that you
# should use very strong passwords, otherwise they will be very easy to break.
# Note that because the password is really a shared secret between the client
# and the server, and should not be memorized by any human, the password
# can be easily a long string from /dev/urandom or whatever, so by using a
# long and unguessable password no brute force attack will be possible.

# Redis ACL users are defined in the following format:
#
#   user <username> ... acl rules ...
#
# For example:
#
#   user worker +@list +@connection ~jobs:* on >ffa9203c493aa99
#
# The special username "default" is used for new connections. If this user
# has the "nopass" rule, then new connections will be immediately authenticated
# as the "default" user without the need of any password provided via the
# AUTH command. Otherwise if the "default" user is not flagged with "nopass"
# the connections will start in not authenticated state, and will require
# AUTH (or the HELLO command AUTH option) in order to be authenticated and
# start to work.
#
# The ACL rules that describe what a user can do are the following:
#
#  on           Enable the user: it is possible to authenticate as this user.
#  off          Disable the user: it's no longer possible to authenticate
#               with this user, however the already authenticated connections
#               will still work.
#  skip-sanitize-payload    RESTORE dump-payload sanitization is skipped.
#  sanitize-payload         RESTORE dump-payload is sanitized (default).
#  +<command>   Allow the execution of that command.
#               May be used with `|` for allowing subcommands (e.g "+config|get")
#  -<command>   Disallow the execution of that command.
#               May be used with `|` for blocking subcommands (e.g "-config|set")
#  +@<category> Allow the execution of all the commands in such category
#               with valid categories are like @admin, @set, @sortedset, ...
#               and so forth, see the full list in the server.c file where
#               the Redis command table is described and defined.
#               The special category @all means all the commands, but currently
#               present in the server, and that will be loaded in the future
#               via modules.
#  +<command>|first-arg  Allow a specific first argument of an otherwise
#                        disabled command. It is only supported on commands with
#                        no sub-commands, and is not allowed as negative form
#                        like -SELECT|1, only additive starting with "+". This
#                        feature is deprecated and may be removed in the future.
#  allcommands  Alias for +@all. Note that it implies the ability to execute
#               all the future commands loaded via the modules system.
#  nocommands   Alias for -@all.
#  ~<pattern>   Add a pattern of keys that can be mentioned as part of
#               commands. For instance ~* allows all the keys. The pattern
#               is a glob-style pattern like the one of KEYS.
#               It is possible to specify multiple patterns.
# %R~<pattern>  Add key read pattern that specifies which keys can be read 
#               from.
# %W~<pattern>  Add key write pattern that specifies which keys can be
#               written to. 
#  allkeys      Alias for ~*
#  resetkeys    Flush the list of allowed keys patterns.
#  &<pattern>   Add a glob-style pattern of Pub/Sub channels that can be
#               accessed by the user. It is possible to specify multiple channel
#               patterns.
#  allchannels  Alias for &*
#  resetchannels            Flush the list of allowed channel patterns.
#  ><password>  Add this password to the list of valid password for the user.
#               For example >mypass will add "mypass" to the list.
#               This directive clears the "nopass" flag (see later).
#  <<password>  Remove this password from the list of valid passwords.
#  nopass       All the set passwords of the user are removed, and the user
#               is flagged as requiring no password: it means that every
#               password will work against this user. If this directive is
#               used for the default user, every new connection will be
#               immediately authenticated with the default user without
#               any explicit AUTH command required. Note that the "resetpass"
#               directive will clear this condition.
#  resetpass    Flush the list of allowed passwords. Moreover removes the
#               "nopass" status. After "resetpass" the user has no associated
#               passwords and there is no way to authenticate without adding
#               some password (or setting it as "nopass" later).
#  reset        Performs the following actions: resetpass, resetkeys, off,
#               -@all. The user returns to the same state it has immediately
#               after its creation.
# (<options>)   Create a new selector with the options specified within the
#               parentheses and attach it to the user. Each option should be 
#               space separated. The first character must be ( and the last 
#               character must be ).
# clearselectors            Remove all of the currently attached selectors. 
#                           Note this does not change the "root" user permissions,
#                           which are the permissions directly applied onto the
#                           user (outside the parentheses).
#
# ACL rules can be specified in any order: for instance you can start with
# passwords, then flags, or key patterns. However note that the additive
# and subtractive rules will CHANGE MEANING depending on the ordering.
# For instance see the following example:
#
#   user alice on +@all -DEBUG ~* >somepassword
#
# This will allow "alice" to use all the commands with the exception of the
# DEBUG command, since +@all added all the commands to the set of the commands
# alice can use, and later DEBUG was removed. However if we invert the order
# of two ACL rules the result will be different:
#
#   user alice on -DEBUG +@all ~* >somepassword
#
# Now DEBUG was removed when alice had yet no commands in the set of allowed
# commands, later all the commands are added, so the user will be able to
# execute everything.
#
# Basically ACL rules are processed left-to-right.
#
# The following is a list of command categories and their meanings:
# * keyspace - Writing or reading from keys, databases, or their metadata 
#     in a type agnostic way. Includes DEL, RESTORE, DUMP, RENAME, EXISTS, DBSIZE,
#     KEYS, EXPIRE, TTL, FLUSHALL, etc. Commands that may modify the keyspace,
#     key or metadata will also have `write` category. Commands that only read
#     the keyspace, key or metadata will have the `read` category.
# * read - Reading from keys (values or metadata). Note that commands that don't
#     interact with keys, will not have either `read` or `write`.
# * write - Writing to keys (values or metadata)
# * admin - Administrative commands. Normal applications will never need to use
#     these. Includes REPLICAOF, CONFIG, DEBUG, SAVE, MONITOR, ACL, SHUTDOWN, etc.
# * dangerous - Potentially dangerous (each should be considered with care for
#     various reasons). This includes FLUSHALL, MIGRATE, RESTORE, SORT, KEYS,
#     CLIENT, DEBUG, INFO, CONFIG, SAVE, REPLICAOF, etc.
# * connection - Commands affecting the connection or other connections.
#     This includes AUTH, SELECT, COMMAND, CLIENT, ECHO, PING, etc.
# * blocking - Potentially blocking the connection until released by another
#     command.
# * fast - Fast O(1) commands. May loop on the number of arguments, but not the
#     number of elements in the key.
# * slow - All commands that are not Fast.
# * pubsub - PUBLISH / SUBSCRIBE related
# * transaction - WATCH / MULTI / EXEC related commands.
# * scripting - Scripting related.
# * set - Data type: sets related.
# * sortedset - Data type: zsets related.
# * list - Data type: lists related.
# * hash - Data type: hashes related.
# * string - Data type: strings related.
# * bitmap - Data type: bitmaps related.
# * hyperloglog - Data type: hyperloglog related.
# * geo - Data type: geo related.
# * stream - Data type: streams related.
#
# For more information about ACL configuration please refer to
# the Redis web site at https://redis.io/topics/acl

# ACL LOG
#
# The ACL Log tracks failed commands and authentication events associated
# with ACLs. The ACL Log is useful to troubleshoot failed commands blocked
# by ACLs. The ACL Log is stored in memory. You can reclaim memory with
# ACL LOG RESET. Define the maximum entry length of the ACL Log below.
acllog-max-len 128

# Using an external ACL file
#
# Instead of configuring users here in this file, it is possible to use
# a stand-alone file just listing users. The two methods cannot be mixed:
# if you configure users here and at the same time you activate the external
# ACL file, the server will refuse to start.
#
# The format of the external ACL user file is exactly the same as the
# format that is used inside redis.conf to describe users.
#
# aclfile /etc/redis/users.acl

# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6 "requirepass" is just a compatibility
# layer on top of the new ACL system. The option effect will be just setting
# the password for the default user. Clients will still authenticate using
# AUTH <password> as usually, or more explicitly with AUTH default <password>
# if they follow the new protocol: both will work.
#
# The requirepass is not compatible with aclfile option and the ACL LOAD
# command, these will cause requirepass to be ignored.
#cyx 设置密码 默认是没有密码的
# 也可以直接在客户端：config get requirepass  
# config set requirepass '123456'
# requirepass foobared

# New users are initialized with restrictive permissions by default, via the
# equivalent of this ACL rule 'off resetkeys -@all'. Starting with Redis 6.2, it
# is possible to manage access to Pub/Sub channels with ACL rules as well. The
# default Pub/Sub channels permission if new users is controlled by the
# acl-pubsub-default configuration directive, which accepts one of these values:
#
# allchannels: grants access to all Pub/Sub channels
# resetchannels: revokes access to all Pub/Sub channels
#
# From Redis 7.0, acl-pubsub-default defaults to 'resetchannels' permission.
#
# acl-pubsub-default resetchannels

# Command renaming (DEPRECATED).
#
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: avoid using this option if possible. Instead use ACLs to remove
# commands from the default user, and put them only in some admin user you
# create for administrative purposes.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to replicas may cause problems.

################################### CLIENTS ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
# IMPORTANT: When Redis Cluster is used, the max number of connections is also
# shared with the cluster bus: every node in the cluster will use two
# connections, one incoming and another outgoing. It is important to size the
# limit accordingly in case of very large clusters.
#cyx 最多有10000个客户端同时连接
# maxclients 10000

############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################

# Set a memory usage limit to the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
#
# If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
# set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to read-only commands like GET.
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU or LFU cache, or to
# set a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have replicas attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the replicas are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of replicas is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short... if you have replicas attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for replica
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').
# cyx 最大的内存数
# maxmemory <bytes>

# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached. You can select one from the following behaviors:
#
# volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU, only keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
# volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU, only keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
# volatile-random -> Remove a random key having an expire set.
# allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
# volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.
#
# LRU means Least Recently Used
# LFU means Least Frequently Used
#
# Both LRU, LFU and volatile-ttl are implemented using approximated
# randomized algorithms.
#
# Note: with any of the above policies, when there are no suitable keys for
# eviction, Redis will return an error on write operations that require
# more memory. These are usually commands that create new keys, add data or
# modify existing keys. A few examples are: SET, INCR, HSET, LPUSH, SUNIONSTORE,
# SORT (due to the STORE argument), and EXEC (if the transaction includes any
# command that requires memory).
#
# The default is:
#cyx 超过最大内存时移除掉其他的key 的策略 
# maxmemory-policy noeviction

# LRU, LFU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
# accuracy. By default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
# used least recently, you can change the sample size using the following
# configuration directive.
#
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
# true LRU but costs more CPU. 3 is faster but not very accurate.
#
# maxmemory-samples 5

# Eviction processing is designed to function well with the default setting.
# If there is an unusually large amount of write traffic, this value may need to
# be increased.  Decreasing this value may reduce latency at the risk of
# eviction processing effectiveness
#   0 = minimum latency, 10 = default, 100 = process without regard to latency
#
# maxmemory-eviction-tenacity 10

# Starting from Redis 5, by default a replica will ignore its maxmemory setting
# (unless it is promoted to master after a failover or manually). It means
# that the eviction of keys will be just handled by the master, sending the
# DEL commands to the replica as keys evict in the master side.
#
# This behavior ensures that masters and replicas stay consistent, and is usually
# what you want, however if your replica is writable, or you want the replica
# to have a different memory setting, and you are sure all the writes performed
# to the replica are idempotent, then you may change this default (but be sure
# to understand what you are doing).
#
# Note that since the replica by default does not evict, it may end using more
# memory than the one set via maxmemory (there are certain buffers that may
# be larger on the replica, or data structures may sometimes take more memory
# and so forth). So make sure you monitor your replicas and make sure they
# have enough memory to never hit a real out-of-memory condition before the
# master hits the configured maxmemory setting.
#
# replica-ignore-maxmemory yes

# Redis reclaims expired keys in two ways: upon access when those keys are
# found to be expired, and also in background, in what is called the
# "active expire key". The key space is slowly and interactively scanned
# looking for expired keys to reclaim, so that it is possible to free memory
# of keys that are expired and will never be accessed again in a short time.
#
# The default effort of the expire cycle will try to avoid having more than
# ten percent of expired keys still in memory, and will try to avoid consuming
# more than 25% of total memory and to add latency to the system. However
# it is possible to increase the expire "effort" that is normally set to
# "1", to a greater value, up to the value "10". At its maximum value the
# system will use more CPU, longer cycles (and technically may introduce
# more latency), and will tolerate less already expired keys still present
# in the system. It's a tradeoff between memory, CPU and latency.
#
# active-expire-effort 1

############################# LAZY FREEING ####################################

# Redis has two primitives to delete keys. One is called DEL and is a blocking
# deletion of the object. It means that the server stops processing new commands
# in order to reclaim all the memory associated with an object in a synchronous
# way. If the key deleted is associated with a small object, the time needed
# in order to execute the DEL command is very small and comparable to most other
# O(1) or O(log_N) commands in Redis. However if the key is associated with an
# aggregated value containing millions of elements, the server can block for
# a long time (even seconds) in order to complete the operation.
#
# For the above reasons Redis also offers non blocking deletion primitives
# such as UNLINK (non blocking DEL) and the ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and
# FLUSHDB commands, in order to reclaim memory in background. Those commands
# are executed in constant time. Another thread will incrementally free the
# object in the background as fast as possible.
#
# DEL, UNLINK and ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and FLUSHDB are user-controlled.
# It's up to the design of the application to understand when it is a good
# idea to use one or the other. However the Redis server sometimes has to
# delete keys or flush the whole database as a side effect of other operations.
# Specifically Redis deletes objects independently of a user call in the
# following scenarios:
#
# 1) On eviction, because of the maxmemory and maxmemory policy configurations,
#    in order to make room for new data, without going over the specified
#    memory limit.
# 2) Because of expire: when a key with an associated time to live (see the
#    EXPIRE command) must be deleted from memory.
# 3) Because of a side effect of a command that stores data on a key that may
#    already exist. For example the RENAME command may delete the old key
#    content when it is replaced with another one. Similarly SUNIONSTORE
#    or SORT with STORE option may delete existing keys. The SET command
#    itself removes any old content of the specified key in order to replace
#    it with the specified string.
# 4) During replication, when a replica performs a full resynchronization with
#    its master, the content of the whole database is removed in order to
#    load the RDB file just transferred.
#
# In all the above cases the default is to delete objects in a blocking way,
# like if DEL was called. However you can configure each case specifically
# in order to instead release memory in a non-blocking way like if UNLINK
# was called, using the following configuration directives.

lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
lazyfree-lazy-expire no
lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
replica-lazy-flush no

# It is also possible, for the case when to replace the user code DEL calls
# with UNLINK calls is not easy, to modify the default behavior of the DEL
# command to act exactly like UNLINK, using the following configuration
# directive:

lazyfree-lazy-user-del no

# FLUSHDB, FLUSHALL, SCRIPT FLUSH and FUNCTION FLUSH support both asynchronous and synchronous
# deletion, which can be controlled by passing the [SYNC|ASYNC] flags into the
# commands. When neither flag is passed, this directive will be used to determine
# if the data should be deleted asynchronously.

lazyfree-lazy-user-flush no

################################ THREADED I/O #################################

# Redis is mostly single threaded, however there are certain threaded
# operations such as UNLINK, slow I/O accesses and other things that are
# performed on side threads.
#
# Now it is also possible to handle Redis clients socket reads and writes
# in different I/O threads. Since especially writing is so slow, normally
# Redis users use pipelining in order to speed up the Redis performances per
# core, and spawn multiple instances in order to scale more. Using I/O
# threads it is possible to easily speedup two times Redis without resorting
# to pipelining nor sharding of the instance.
#
# By default threading is disabled, we suggest enabling it only in machines
# that have at least 4 or more cores, leaving at least one spare core.
# Using more than 8 threads is unlikely to help much. We also recommend using
# threaded I/O only if you actually have performance problems, with Redis
# instances being able to use a quite big percentage of CPU time, otherwise
# there is no point in using this feature.
#
# So for instance if you have a four cores boxes, try to use 2 or 3 I/O
# threads, if you have a 8 cores, try to use 6 threads. In order to
# enable I/O threads use the following configuration directive:
#
# io-threads 4
#
# Setting io-threads to 1 will just use the main thread as usual.
# When I/O threads are enabled, we only use threads for writes, that is
# to thread the write(2) syscall and transfer the client buffers to the
# socket. However it is also possible to enable threading of reads and
# protocol parsing using the following configuration directive, by setting
# it to yes:
#
# io-threads-do-reads no
#
# Usually threading reads doesn't help much.
#
# NOTE 1: This configuration directive cannot be changed at runtime via
# CONFIG SET. Also, this feature currently does not work when SSL is
# enabled.
#
# NOTE 2: If you want to test the Redis speedup using redis-benchmark, make
# sure you also run the benchmark itself in threaded mode, using the
# --threads option to match the number of Redis threads, otherwise you'll not
# be able to notice the improvements.

############################ KERNEL OOM CONTROL ##############################

# On Linux, it is possible to hint the kernel OOM killer on what processes
# should be killed first when out of memory.
#
# Enabling this feature makes Redis actively control the oom_score_adj value
# for all its processes, depending on their role. The default scores will
# attempt to have background child processes killed before all others, and
# replicas killed before masters.
#
# Redis supports these options:
#
# no:       Don't make changes to oom-score-adj (default).
# yes:      Alias to "relative" see below.
# absolute: Values in oom-score-adj-values are written as is to the kernel.
# relative: Values are used relative to the initial value of oom_score_adj when
#           the server starts and are then clamped to a range of -1000 to 1000.
#           Because typically the initial value is 0, they will often match the
#           absolute values.
oom-score-adj no

# When oom-score-adj is used, this directive controls the specific values used
# for master, replica and background child processes. Values range -2000 to
# 2000 (higher means more likely to be killed).
#
# Unprivileged processes (not root, and without CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capabilities)
# can freely increase their value, but not decrease it below its initial
# settings. This means that setting oom-score-adj to "relative" and setting the
# oom-score-adj-values to positive values will always succeed.
oom-score-adj-values 0 200 800


#################### KERNEL transparent hugepage CONTROL ######################

# Usually the kernel Transparent Huge Pages control is set to "madvise" or
# or "never" by default (/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled), in which
# case this config has no effect. On systems in which it is set to "always",
# redis will attempt to disable it specifically for the redis process in order
# to avoid latency problems specifically with fork(2) and CoW.
# If for some reason you prefer to keep it enabled, you can set this config to
# "no" and the kernel global to "always".

disable-thp yes

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check https://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.

appendonly no

# The base name of the append only file.
#
# Redis 7 and newer use a set of append-only files to persist the dataset
# and changes applied to it. There are two basic types of files in use:
#
# - Base files, which are a snapshot representing the complete state of the
#   dataset at the time the file was created. Base files can be either in
#   the form of RDB (binary serialized) or AOF (textual commands).
# - Incremental files, which contain additional commands that were applied
#   to the dataset following the previous file.
#
# In addition, manifest files are used to track the files and the order in
# which they were created and should be applied.
#
# Append-only file names are created by Redis following a specific pattern.
# The file name's prefix is based on the 'appendfilename' configuration
# parameter, followed by additional information about the sequence and type.
#
# For example, if appendfilename is set to appendonly.aof, the following file
# names could be derived:
#
# - appendonly.aof.1.base.rdb as a base file.
# - appendonly.aof.1.incr.aof, appendonly.aof.2.incr.aof as incremental files.
# - appendonly.aof.manifest as a manifest file.

appendfilename "appendonly.aof"

# For convenience, Redis stores all persistent append-only files in a dedicated
# directory. The name of the directory is determined by the appenddirname
# configuration parameter.

appenddirname "appendonlydir"

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use "everysec".

# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync no". In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
#
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.

no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb

# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
# This may happen when the system where Redis is running
# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
# data=ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself
# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
#
# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
#
# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
# to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart
# the server.
#
# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
# will be found.
aof-load-truncated yes

# Redis can create append-only base files in either RDB or AOF formats. Using
# the RDB format is always faster and more efficient, and disabling it is only
# supported for backward compatibility purposes.
aof-use-rdb-preamble yes

# Redis supports recording timestamp annotations in the AOF to support restoring
# the data from a specific point-in-time. However, using this capability changes
# the AOF format in a way that may not be compatible with existing AOF parsers.
aof-timestamp-enabled no

################################ SHUTDOWN #####################################

# Maximum time to wait for replicas when shutting down, in seconds.
#
# During shut down, a grace period allows any lagging replicas to catch up with
# the latest replication offset before the master exists. This period can
# prevent data loss, especially for deployments without configured disk backups.
#
# The 'shutdown-timeout' value is the grace period's duration in seconds. It is
# only applicable when the instance has replicas. To disable the feature, set
# the value to 0.
#
# shutdown-timeout 10

# When Redis receives a SIGINT or SIGTERM, shutdown is initiated and by default
# an RDB snapshot is written to disk in a blocking operation if save points are configured.
# The options used on signaled shutdown can include the following values:
# default:  Saves RDB snapshot only if save points are configured.
#           Waits for lagging replicas to catch up.
# save:     Forces a DB saving operation even if no save points are configured.
# nosave:   Prevents DB saving operation even if one or more save points are configured.
# now:      Skips waiting for lagging replicas.
# force:    Ignores any errors that would normally prevent the server from exiting.
#
# Any combination of values is allowed as long as "save" and "nosave" are not set simultaneously.
# Example: "nosave force now"
#
# shutdown-on-sigint default
# shutdown-on-sigterm default

################ NON-DETERMINISTIC LONG BLOCKING COMMANDS #####################

# Maximum time in milliseconds for EVAL scripts, functions and in some cases
# modules' commands before Redis can start processing or rejecting other clients.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will start to reply to most
# commands with a BUSY error.
#
# In this state Redis will only allow a handful of commands to be executed.
# For instance, SCRIPT KILL, FUNCTION KILL, SHUTDOWN NOSAVE and possibly some
# module specific 'allow-busy' commands.
#
# SCRIPT KILL and FUNCTION KILL will only be able to stop a script that did not
# yet call any write commands, so SHUTDOWN NOSAVE may be the only way to stop
# the server in the case a write command was already issued by the script when
# the user doesn't want to wait for the natural termination of the script.
#
# The default is 5 seconds. It is possible to set it to 0 or a negative value
# to disable this mechanism (uninterrupted execution). Note that in the past
# this config had a different name, which is now an alias, so both of these do
# the same:
# lua-time-limit 5000
# busy-reply-threshold 5000

################################ REDIS CLUSTER  ###############################

# Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are
# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
#
# cluster-enabled yes

# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
# Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have
# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf

# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable
# for it to be considered in failure state.
# Most other internal time limits are a multiple of the node timeout.
#
# cluster-node-timeout 15000

# The cluster port is the port that the cluster bus will listen for inbound connections on. When set 
# to the default value, 0, it will be bound to the command port + 10000. Setting this value requires 
# you to specify the cluster bus port when executing cluster meet.
# cluster-port 0

# A replica of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
# looks too old.
#
# There is no simple way for a replica to actually have an exact measure of
# its "data age", so the following two checks are performed:
#
# 1) If there are multiple replicas able to failover, they exchange messages
#    in order to try to give an advantage to the replica with the best
#    replication offset (more data from the master processed).
#    Replicas will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
#    of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
#
# 2) Every single replica computes the time of the last interaction with
#    its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
#    is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the
#    disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
#    If the last interaction is too old, the replica will not try to failover
#    at all.
#
# The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a replica will not perform
# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
# elapsed is greater than:
#
#   (node-timeout * cluster-replica-validity-factor) + repl-ping-replica-period
#
# So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-replica-period of 10 seconds, the
# replica will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
# for longer than 310 seconds.
#
# A large cluster-replica-validity-factor may allow replicas with too old data to failover
# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
# elect a replica at all.
#
# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# to a value of 0, which means, that replicas will always try to failover the
# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
# (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
# offset rank).
#
# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
# the cluster will always be able to continue.
#
# cluster-replica-validity-factor 10

# Cluster replicas are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
# that are left without working replicas. This improves the cluster ability
# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over
# in case of failure if it has no working replicas.
#
# Replicas migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
# given number of other working replicas for their old master. This number
# is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a replica
# will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working replica for its master
# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of replicas you want for every
# master in your cluster.
#
# Default is 1 (replicas migrate only if their masters remain with at least
# one replica). To disable migration just set it to a very large value or
# set cluster-allow-replica-migration to 'no'.
# A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
# in production.
#
# cluster-migration-barrier 1

# Turning off this option allows to use less automatic cluster configuration.
# It both disables migration to orphaned masters and migration from masters
# that became empty.
#
# Default is 'yes' (allow automatic migrations).
#
# cluster-allow-replica-migration yes

# By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there
# is at least a hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it).
# This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots
# are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable.
# It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again.
#
# However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working,
# to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still
# covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage
# option to no.
#
# cluster-require-full-coverage yes

# This option, when set to yes, prevents replicas from trying to failover its
# master during master failures. However the replica can still perform a
# manual failover, if forced to do so.
#
# This is useful in different scenarios, especially in the case of multiple
# data center operations, where we want one side to never be promoted if not
# in the case of a total DC failure.
#
# cluster-replica-no-failover no

# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve read traffic while the
# cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
#
# This is useful for two cases.  The first case is for when an application
# doesn't require consistency of data during node failures or network partitions.
# One example of this is a cache, where as long as the node has the data it
# should be able to serve it.
#
# The second use case is for configurations that don't meet the recommended
# three shards but want to enable cluster mode and scale later. A
# master outage in a 1 or 2 shard configuration causes a read/write outage to the
# entire cluster without this option set, with it set there is only a write outage.
# Without a quorum of masters, slot ownership will not change automatically.
#
# cluster-allow-reads-when-down no

# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve pubsub shard traffic while
# the cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
#
# This is useful if the application would like to use the pubsub feature even when
# the cluster global stable state is not OK. If the application wants to make sure only
# one shard is serving a given channel, this feature should be kept as yes.
#
# cluster-allow-pubsubshard-when-down yes

# Cluster link send buffer limit is the limit on the memory usage of an individual
# cluster bus link's send buffer in bytes. Cluster links would be freed if they exceed
# this limit. This is to primarily prevent send buffers from growing unbounded on links
# toward slow peers (E.g. PubSub messages being piled up).
# This limit is disabled by default. Enable this limit when 'mem_cluster_links' INFO field
# and/or 'send-buffer-allocated' entries in the 'CLUSTER LINKS` command output continuously increase.
# Minimum limit of 1gb is recommended so that cluster link buffer can fit in at least a single
# PubSub message by default. (client-query-buffer-limit default value is 1gb)
#
# cluster-link-sendbuf-limit 0
 
# Clusters can configure their announced hostname using this config. This is a common use case for 
# applications that need to use TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) or dealing with DNS based
# routing. By default this value is only shown as additional metadata in the CLUSTER SLOTS
# command, but can be changed using 'cluster-preferred-endpoint-type' config. This value is 
# communicated along the clusterbus to all nodes, setting it to an empty string will remove 
# the hostname and also propagate the removal.
#
# cluster-announce-hostname ""

# Clusters can advertise how clients should connect to them using either their IP address,
# a user defined hostname, or by declaring they have no endpoint. Which endpoint is
# shown as the preferred endpoint is set by using the cluster-preferred-endpoint-type
# config with values 'ip', 'hostname', or 'unknown-endpoint'. This value controls how
# the endpoint returned for MOVED/ASKING requests as well as the first field of CLUSTER SLOTS. 
# If the preferred endpoint type is set to hostname, but no announced hostname is set, a '?' 
# will be returned instead.
#
# When a cluster advertises itself as having an unknown endpoint, it's indicating that
# the server doesn't know how clients can reach the cluster. This can happen in certain 
# networking situations where there are multiple possible routes to the node, and the 
# server doesn't know which one the client took. In this case, the server is expecting
# the client to reach out on the same endpoint it used for making the last request, but use
# the port provided in the response.
#
# cluster-preferred-endpoint-type ip

# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
# available at https://redis.io web site.

########################## CLUSTER DOCKER/NAT support  ########################

# In certain deployments, Redis Cluster nodes address discovery fails, because
# addresses are NAT-ted or because ports are forwarded (the typical case is
# Docker and other containers).
#
# In order to make Redis Cluster working in such environments, a static
# configuration where each node knows its public address is needed. The
# following four options are used for this scope, and are:
#
# * cluster-announce-ip
# * cluster-announce-port
# * cluster-announce-tls-port
# * cluster-announce-bus-port
#
# Each instructs the node about its address, client ports (for connections
# without and with TLS) and cluster message bus port. The information is then
# published in the header of the bus packets so that other nodes will be able to
# correctly map the address of the node publishing the information.
#
# If cluster-tls is set to yes and cluster-announce-tls-port is omitted or set
# to zero, then cluster-announce-port refers to the TLS port. Note also that
# cluster-announce-tls-port has no effect if cluster-tls is set to no.
#
# If the above options are not used, the normal Redis Cluster auto-detection
# will be used instead.
#
# Note that when remapped, the bus port may not be at the fixed offset of
# clients port + 10000, so you can specify any port and bus-port depending
# on how they get remapped. If the bus-port is not set, a fixed offset of
# 10000 will be used as usual.
#
# Example:
#
# cluster-announce-ip 10.1.1.5
# cluster-announce-tls-port 6379
# cluster-announce-port 0
# cluster-announce-bus-port 6380

################################## SLOW LOG ###################################

# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
#
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.

# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000

# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
slowlog-max-len 128

################################ LATENCY MONITOR ##############################

# The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations
# at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of
# latency of a Redis instance.
#
# Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can
# print graphs and obtain reports.
#
# The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or
# greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the
# latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set
# to zero, the latency monitor is turned off.
#
# By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed
# if you don't have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance
# impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency
# monitoring can easily be enabled at runtime using the command
# "CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold <milliseconds>" if needed.
latency-monitor-threshold 0

################################ LATENCY TRACKING ##############################

# The Redis extended latency monitoring tracks the per command latencies and enables
# exporting the percentile distribution via the INFO latencystats command,
# and cumulative latency distributions (histograms) via the LATENCY command.
#
# By default, the extended latency monitoring is enabled since the overhead
# of keeping track of the command latency is very small.
# latency-tracking yes

# By default the exported latency percentiles via the INFO latencystats command
# are the p50, p99, and p999.
# latency-tracking-info-percentiles 50 99 99.9

############################# EVENT NOTIFICATION ##############################

# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
# This feature is documented at https://redis.io/topics/notifications
#
# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
# performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database 0, two
# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
#
# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
#
# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
#
#  K     Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
#  E     Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
#  g     Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ...
#  $     String commands
#  l     List commands
#  s     Set commands
#  h     Hash commands
#  z     Sorted set commands
#  x     Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
#  e     Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
#  n     New key events (Note: not included in the 'A' class)
#  t     Stream commands
#  d     Module key type events
#  m     Key-miss events (Note: It is not included in the 'A' class)
#  A     Alias for g$lshzxetd, so that the "AKE" string means all the events
#        (Except key-miss events which are excluded from 'A' due to their
#         unique nature).
#
#  The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed
#  of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
#  are disabled.
#
#  Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
#           event name, use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Elg
#
#  Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
#             name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Ex
#
#  By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need
#  this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't
#  specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
notify-keyspace-events ""

############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
hash-max-listpack-entries 512
hash-max-listpack-value 64

# Lists are also encoded in a special way to save a lot of space.
# The number of entries allowed per internal list node can be specified
# as a fixed maximum size or a maximum number of elements.
# For a fixed maximum size, use -5 through -1, meaning:
# -5: max size: 64 Kb  <-- not recommended for normal workloads
# -4: max size: 32 Kb  <-- not recommended
# -3: max size: 16 Kb  <-- probably not recommended
# -2: max size: 8 Kb   <-- good
# -1: max size: 4 Kb   <-- good
# Positive numbers mean store up to _exactly_ that number of elements
# per list node.
# The highest performing option is usually -2 (8 Kb size) or -1 (4 Kb size),
# but if your use case is unique, adjust the settings as necessary.
list-max-listpack-size -2

# Lists may also be compressed.
# Compress depth is the number of quicklist ziplist nodes from *each* side of
# the list to *exclude* from compression.  The head and tail of the list
# are always uncompressed for fast push/pop operations.  Settings are:
# 0: disable all list compression
# 1: depth 1 means "don't start compressing until after 1 node into the list,
#    going from either the head or tail"
#    So: [head]->node->node->...->node->[tail]
#    [head], [tail] will always be uncompressed; inner nodes will compress.
# 2: [head]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[tail]
#    2 here means: don't compress head or head->next or tail->prev or tail,
#    but compress all nodes between them.
# 3: [head]->[next]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[prev]->[tail]
# etc.
list-compress-depth 0

# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happen to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512

# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-listpack-entries 128
zset-max-listpack-value 64

# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
# 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
#
# A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
# dense representation is more memory efficient.
#
# The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
# ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 - 15000 range.
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000

# Streams macro node max size / items. The stream data structure is a radix
# tree of big nodes that encode multiple items inside. Using this configuration
# it is possible to configure how big a single node can be in bytes, and the
# maximum number of items it may contain before switching to a new node when
# appending new stream entries. If any of the following settings are set to
# zero, the limit is ignored, so for instance it is possible to set just a
# max entries limit by setting max-bytes to 0 and max-entries to the desired
# value.
stream-node-max-bytes 4096
stream-node-max-entries 100

# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
# that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
#
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but
# want to free memory asap when possible.
activerehashing yes

# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the
# publisher can produce them).
#
# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
#
# normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients
# replica -> replica clients
# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
#
# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
#
# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
# seconds (continuously).
# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
# the limit for 10 seconds.
#
# By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data
# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
# than it can read.
#
# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and replica clients, since
# subscribers and replicas receive data in a push fashion.
#
# Note that it doesn't make sense to set the replica clients output buffer
# limit lower than the repl-backlog-size config (partial sync will succeed
# and then replica will get disconnected).
# Such a configuration is ignored (the size of repl-backlog-size will be used).
# This doesn't have memory consumption implications since the replica client
# will share the backlog buffers memory.
#
# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60

# Client query buffers accumulate new commands. They are limited to a fixed
# amount by default in order to avoid that a protocol desynchronization (for
# instance due to a bug in the client) will lead to unbound memory usage in
# the query buffer. However you can configure it here if you have very special
# needs, such us huge multi/exec requests or alike.
#
# client-query-buffer-limit 1gb

# In some scenarios client connections can hog up memory leading to OOM
# errors or data eviction. To avoid this we can cap the accumulated memory
# used by all client connections (all pubsub and normal clients). Once we
# reach that limit connections will be dropped by the server freeing up
# memory. The server will attempt to drop the connections using the most 
# memory first. We call this mechanism "client eviction".
#
# Client eviction is configured using the maxmemory-clients setting as follows:
# 0 - client eviction is disabled (default)
#
# A memory value can be used for the client eviction threshold,
# for example:
# maxmemory-clients 1g
#
# A percentage value (between 1% and 100%) means the client eviction threshold
# is based on a percentage of the maxmemory setting. For example to set client
# eviction at 5% of maxmemory:
# maxmemory-clients 5%

# In the Redis protocol, bulk requests, that are, elements representing single
# strings, are normally limited to 512 mb. However you can change this limit
# here, but must be 1mb or greater
#
# proto-max-bulk-len 512mb

# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are
# never requested, and so forth.
#
# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
# tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value.
#
# By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
# handled with more precision.
#
# The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not
# a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to
# 100 only in environments where very low latency is required.
hz 10

# Normally it is useful to have an HZ value which is proportional to the
# number of clients connected. This is useful in order, for instance, to
# avoid too many clients are processed for each background task invocation
# in order to avoid latency spikes.
#
# Since the default HZ value by default is conservatively set to 10, Redis
# offers, and enables by default, the ability to use an adaptive HZ value
# which will temporarily raise when there are many connected clients.
#
# When dynamic HZ is enabled, the actual configured HZ will be used
# as a baseline, but multiples of the configured HZ value will be actually
# used as needed once more clients are connected. In this way an idle
# instance will use very little CPU time while a busy instance will be
# more responsive.
dynamic-hz yes

# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 4 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes

# When redis saves RDB file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 4 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
rdb-save-incremental-fsync yes

# Redis LFU eviction (see maxmemory setting) can be tuned. However it is a good
# idea to start with the default settings and only change them after investigating
# how to improve the performances and how the keys LFU change over time, which
# is possible to inspect via the OBJECT FREQ command.
#
# There are two tunable parameters in the Redis LFU implementation: the
# counter logarithm factor and the counter decay time. It is important to
# understand what the two parameters mean before changing them.
#
# The LFU counter is just 8 bits per key, it's maximum value is 255, so Redis
# uses a probabilistic increment with logarithmic behavior. Given the value
# of the old counter, when a key is accessed, the counter is incremented in
# this way:
#
# 1. A random number R between 0 and 1 is extracted.
# 2. A probability P is calculated as 1/(old_value*lfu_log_factor+1).
# 3. The counter is incremented only if R < P.
#
# The default lfu-log-factor is 10. This is a table of how the frequency
# counter changes with a different number of accesses with different
# logarithmic factors:
#
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | factor | 100 hits   | 1000 hits  | 100K hits  | 1M hits    | 10M hits   |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 0      | 104        | 255        | 255        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 1      | 18         | 49         | 255        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 10     | 10         | 18         | 142        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 100    | 8          | 11         | 49         | 143        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
#
# NOTE: The above table was obtained by running the following commands:
#
#   redis-benchmark -n 1000000 incr foo
#   redis-cli object freq foo
#
# NOTE 2: The counter initial value is 5 in order to give new objects a chance
# to accumulate hits.
#
# The counter decay time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse in order
# for the key counter to be divided by two (or decremented if it has a value
# less <= 10).
#
# The default value for the lfu-decay-time is 1. A special value of 0 means to
# decay the counter every time it happens to be scanned.
#
# lfu-log-factor 10
# lfu-decay-time 1

########################### ACTIVE DEFRAGMENTATION #######################
#
# What is active defragmentation?
# -------------------------------
#
# Active (online) defragmentation allows a Redis server to compact the
# spaces left between small allocations and deallocations of data in memory,
# thus allowing to reclaim back memory.
#
# Fragmentation is a natural process that happens with every allocator (but
# less so with Jemalloc, fortunately) and certain workloads. Normally a server
# restart is needed in order to lower the fragmentation, or at least to flush
# away all the data and create it again. However thanks to this feature
# implemented by Oran Agra for Redis 4.0 this process can happen at runtime
# in a "hot" way, while the server is running.
#
# Basically when the fragmentation is over a certain level (see the
# configuration options below) Redis will start to create new copies of the
# values in contiguous memory regions by exploiting certain specific Jemalloc
# features (in order to understand if an allocation is causing fragmentation
# and to allocate it in a better place), and at the same time, will release the
# old copies of the data. This process, repeated incrementally for all the keys
# will cause the fragmentation to drop back to normal values.
#
# Important things to understand:
#
# 1. This feature is disabled by default, and only works if you compiled Redis
#    to use the copy of Jemalloc we ship with the source code of Redis.
#    This is the default with Linux builds.
#
# 2. You never need to enable this feature if you don't have fragmentation
#    issues.
#
# 3. Once you experience fragmentation, you can enable this feature when
#    needed with the command "CONFIG SET activedefrag yes".
#
# The configuration parameters are able to fine tune the behavior of the
# defragmentation process. If you are not sure about what they mean it is
# a good idea to leave the defaults untouched.

# Active defragmentation is disabled by default
# activedefrag no

# Minimum amount of fragmentation waste to start active defrag
# active-defrag-ignore-bytes 100mb

# Minimum percentage of fragmentation to start active defrag
# active-defrag-threshold-lower 10

# Maximum percentage of fragmentation at which we use maximum effort
# active-defrag-threshold-upper 100

# Minimal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the lower
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-min 1

# Maximal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the upper
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-max 25

# Maximum number of set/hash/zset/list fields that will be processed from
# the main dictionary scan
# active-defrag-max-scan-fields 1000

# Jemalloc background thread for purging will be enabled by default
jemalloc-bg-thread yes

# It is possible to pin different threads and processes of Redis to specific
# CPUs in your system, in order to maximize the performances of the server.
# This is useful both in order to pin different Redis threads in different
# CPUs, but also in order to make sure that multiple Redis instances running
# in the same host will be pinned to different CPUs.
#
# Normally you can do this using the "taskset" command, however it is also
# possible to this via Redis configuration directly, both in Linux and FreeBSD.
#
# You can pin the server/IO threads, bio threads, aof rewrite child process, and
# the bgsave child process. The syntax to specify the cpu list is the same as
# the taskset command:
#
# Set redis server/io threads to cpu affinity 0,2,4,6:
# server_cpulist 0-7:2
#
# Set bio threads to cpu affinity 1,3:
# bio_cpulist 1,3
#
# Set aof rewrite child process to cpu affinity 8,9,10,11:
# aof_rewrite_cpulist 8-11
#
# Set bgsave child process to cpu affinity 1,10,11
# bgsave_cpulist 1,10-11

# In some cases redis will emit warnings and even refuse to start if it detects
# that the system is in bad state, it is possible to suppress these warnings
# by setting the following config which takes a space delimited list of warnings
# to suppress
#
# ignore-warnings ARM64-COW-BUG

发布订阅（基础命令）

客户端可以订阅任意数量的频道

命令行实现

127.0.0.1:6379[18]> subscribe chennel1
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1) "subscribe"
2) "chennel1"
3) (integer) 1
# 在不退出的客户端的情况下启动另外一个客户端，约定俗成为生产端：
[root@192 ~]# /usr/local/bin/redis-cli 
127.0.0.1:6379> publish chennel1 hello # 当客户端不存在时候。生产端发布的消息影响到的为0
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> publish chennel1 hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> 

新数据类型

bitmap

现代计算机用二进制位作为信息的基础单位，1个字节等于8位，例如“abc" 字符串是由3个字节组成。但实际在计算机存储时候将其二进制表示。abc对应的ascii码 分别为 97 98 99 对应的二进制分别是 01100001 01100010 01100011

合理地适用操作位能欧有效地提高内存使用率和开发效率 节省内存空间

• redis提供了bitmaps 这个 “数据类型” ，实际上他就是字符串 但是它可以对字符串进行微操作

• bitmaps提供了一套命令，所以在redis 中适用bitmaps和适用字符串的方式不太相同。可以把bitmaps想成一个以位位单位的数组，数组的每个单位只能存储0 或者 1 数组的下标在bitmaps叫做偏移量

命令

1. setbit

setbit <key> <offset> <value>

setbit key 16 1 # 代表第 16位为1，其他均为0 ，在第一次初始化bitmaps时候，如果偏移量很大，name整个初始化过程执行会比较慢

2. getbit

​ 获取bitmap的值,指定offset下标，有则返回1，没有则返回0，不存在的下标也返回0。

​ 格式如：get <key> <offset>

3. bitcout

   统计设置为1的bit数量，可以指定获取的范围。

​ bitcount <key> [start end]

​ 需要注意的是：start 和 end 是按照字节来进行统计的，

不能认为 start 和 end 是对应的bitmap的下标

统计字符串被设置为1 的bit数，注意不是byte数，start 和end 都可以适用负数，-1 表示最后一个位， -2 表示倒数第二个位。

start 和end 是指bit 组的字节的下标数，

即

00000000 00000000 00000000

start 和end指的是 这里有3个字节，而不是位数

redis的setbit设置或者清除的是bit位置，而bitcount 计算的是byte的位置

4. bitop

   bitop可以进行多种操作是一个复合操作， 它可以对多个Bitmaps做and（交集） 、 or（并集） 、 not（非） 、 xor（异或） 等操作，将结果保存在目标destkey中。

   异或: 如果a、b两个值不相同，则异或结果为1。如果a、b两个值相同，异或结果为0

bitop <operation> <destkey> <keys...>，其中operation有and,or,not,xor几种。

需要注意一点，所说Bitmaps能够节省内存，但是并不适用所有情况。

假设网站有1000万用户，但是其中的活跃用户只有10万。此时Bitmaps存储了绝大多数的僵尸用户，但是bit位的值都是0，是无效的，只有百分之一的利用率，还是浪费了绝大部分的内存。

另外还有一种情况，向前面统计的日活数，如果用户的id是这样的：1000001、1000002、1000003等，前面存在100000这样的固定值，那么需要在存储bitmaps进行截取，以免造成内存浪费。

比较

分别用bitmaps和set存储活跃用户可以得到的表

数据类型	每个用户id占用空间	需要存储的用户量	全部内存
set	64位	50000000	64位*50**=400MB
bitmaps	1位	100000000	1位1000**=12.5MB

hyperloglog

解决基数问题。 不重复元素的个数

重复元素问题。（mysql distict ）

基数统计算法

因为hyperloglog只会根据输入元素来计算基数，而不会存户输入元素本身，所以hyperloglog不能像集合那样，返回输入的各个元素

命令	描述	语法	返回值	学习顺序
Redis Pgmerge 命令	将多个 HyperLogLog 合并为一个 HyperLogLog	redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFMERGE destkey sourcekey [sourcekey ...]	返回 OK。	3
Redis Pfadd 命令	添加指定元素到 HyperLogLog 中。	PFADD key element [element ...]	整型，如果至少有个元素被添加返回 1， 否则返回 0。	1
Redis Pfcount 命令	返回给定 HyperLogLog 的基数估算值。	PFCOUNT key [key ...]	整数，返回给定 HyperLogLog 的基数值，如果多个 HyperLogLog 则返回基数估值之和。	2

Redis 地理位置(geo) 命令

命令	描述	示例	语法	返回值	说明
Redis GEOHASH 命令	返回一个或多个位置元素的 Geohash 表示
Redis GEOPOS 命令	从key里返回所有给定位置元素的位置（经度和纬度）
Redis GEODIST 命令	返回两个给定位置之间的距离 如果两个位置之间的其中一个不存在， 那么命令返回空值。 指定单位的参数 unit 必须是以下单位的其中一个： m 表示单位为米。 km 表示单位为千米。 mi 表示单位为英里。 ft 表示单位为英尺。 如果用户没有显式地指定单位参数， 那么 GEODIST 默认使用米作为单位。 GEODIST 命令在计算距离时会假设地球为完美的球形， 在极限情况下， 这一假设最大会造成 0.5% 的误差。	redis GEOADD Sicily 13.361389 38.115556 "Palermo" 15.087269 37.502669 "Catania" (integer) 2 redis GEODIST Sicily Palermo Catania "166274.15156960039" redis GEODIST Sicily Palermo Catania km "166.27415156960038" redis GEODIST Sicily Palermo Catania mi "103.31822459492736" redis GEODIST Sicily Foo Bar (nil) redis		计算出的距离会以双精度浮点数的形式被返回。 如果给定的位置元素不存在， 那么命令返回空值。	2
Redis GEORADIUS 命令	以给定的经纬度为中心， 找出某一半径内的元素 以给定的经纬度为中心， 返回键包含的位置元素当中， 与中心的距离不超过给定最大距离的所有位置元素。 范围可以使用以下其中一个单位： m 表示单位为米。 km 表示单位为千米。 mi 表示单位为英里。 ft 表示单位为英尺。 在给定以下可选项时， 命令会返回额外的信息： WITHDIST: 在返回位置元素的同时， 将位置元素与中心之间的距离也一并返回。 距离的单位和用户给定的范围单位保持一致。 WITHCOORD: 将位置元素的经度和维度也一并返回。 WITHHASH: 以 52 位有符号整数的形式， 返回位置元素经过原始 geohash 编码的有序集合分值。 这个选项主要用于底层应用或者调试， 实际中的作用并不大。 命令默认返回未排序的位置元素。 通过以下两个参数， 用户可以指定被返回位置元素的排序方式： ASC: 根据中心的位置， 按照从近到远的方式返回位置元素。 DESC: 根据中心的位置， 按照从远到近的方式返回位置元素。 在默认情况下， GEORADIUS 命令会返回所有匹配的位置元素。 虽然用户可以使用 COUNT <count> 选项去获取前 N 个匹配元素， 但是因为命令在内部可能会需要对所有被匹配的元素进行处理， 所以在对一个非常大的区域进行搜索时， 即使只使用 COUNT 选项去获取少量元素， 命令的执行速度也可能会非常慢。 但是从另一方面来说， 使用 COUNT 选项去减少需要返回的元素数量， 对于减少带宽来说仍然是非常有用的。	redis GEOADD Sicily 13.361389 38.115556 "Palermo" 15.087269 37.502669 "Catania" (integer) 2 redis GEORADIUS Sicily 15 37 200 km WITHDIST 1) 1) "Palermo" 2) "190.4424" 2) 1) "Catania" 2) "56.4413" redis GEORADIUS Sicily 15 37 200 km WITHCOORD 1) 1) "Palermo" 2) 1) "13.361389338970184" 2) "38.115556395496299" 2) 1) "Catania" 2) 1) "15.087267458438873" 2) "37.50266842333162" redis GEORADIUS Sicily 15 37 200 km WITHDIST WITHCOORD 1) 1) "Palermo" 2) "190.4424" 3) 1) "13.361389338970184" 2) "38.115556395496299" 2) 1) "Catania" 2) "56.4413" 3) 1) "15.087267458438873" 2) "37.50266842333162" redis		在没有给定任何 WITH 选项的情况下， 命令只会返回一个像 [“New York”,”Milan”,”Paris”] 这样的线性（linear）列表。 在指定了 WITHCOORD 、 WITHDIST 、 WITHHASH 等选项的情况下， 命令返回一个二层嵌套数组， 内层的每个子数组就表示一个元素。 在返回嵌套数组时， 子数组的第一个元素总是位置元素的名字。 至于额外的信息， 则会作为子数组的后续元素， 按照以下顺序被返回： 以浮点数格式返回的中心与位置元素之间的距离， 单位与用户指定范围时的单位一致。 geohash 整数。 由两个元素组成的坐标，分别为经度和纬度。 举个例子， GEORADIUS Sicily 15 37 200 km WITHCOORD WITHDIST 这样的命令返回的每个子数组都是类似以下格式的： ["Palermo","190.4424",["13.361389338970184","38.115556395496299"]]	3
Redis GEOADD 命令	将指定的地理空间位置（纬度、经度、名称）添加到指定的key中 将指定的地理空间位置（纬度、经度、名称）添加到指定的key中。这些数据将会存储到sorted set这样的目的是为了方便使用GEORADIUS或者GEORADIUSBYMEMBER命令对数据进行半径查询等操作。 该命令以采用标准格式的参数x,y,所以经度必须在纬度之前。这些坐标的限制是可以被编入索引的，区域面积可以很接近极点但是不能索引。具体的限制，由EPSG:900913 / EPSG:3785 / OSGEO:41001 规定如下： 有效的经度从-180度到180度。 有效的纬度从-85.05112878度到85.05112878度。 当坐标位置超出上述指定范围时，该命令将会返回一个错误。 不能添加南极和北极 它是如何工作的？ sorted set使用一种称为Geohash的技术进行填充。经度和纬度的位是交错的，以形成一个独特的52位整数. 我们知道，一个sorted set 的double score可以代表一个52位的整数，而不会失去精度。 这种格式允许半径查询检查的1 + 8个领域需要覆盖整个半径，并丢弃元素以外的半径。通过计算该区域的范围，通过计算所涵盖的范围，从不太重要的部分的排序集的得分，并计算得分范围为每个区域的sorted set中的查询。 使用什么样的地球模型（Earth model）？ 这只是假设地球是一个球体，因为使用的距离公式是Haversine公式。这个公式仅适用于地球，而不是一个完美的球体。当在社交网站和其他大多数需要查询半径的应用中使用时，这些偏差都不算问题。但是，在最坏的情况下的偏差可能是0.5%，所以一些地理位置很关键的应用还是需要谨慎考虑。	redis GEOADD Sicily 13.361389 38.115556 "Palermo" 15.087269 37.502669 "Catania" (integer) 2 redis GEODIST Sicily Palermo Catania "166274.15156960039" redis GEORADIUS Sicily 15 37 100 km 1) "Catania" redis GEORADIUS Sicily 15 37 200 km 1) "Palermo" 2) "Catania" redis			1
Redis GEORADIUSBYMEMBER 命令	找出位于指定范围内的元素，中心点是由给定的位置元素决定

Jedis

        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
        </dependency>

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis=new Jedis("192.168.1.236",6379);
     # jedis有很多方法
        jedis.ping();
    }

Redistemplate

配置类

@EnableCaching
@Configuration
@Import({com.公司名.starter.cache.config.RedisCacheConfig.class})
@EnableConfigurationProperties(CacheProperties.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "starter.cache", name = "enable", havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)
public class StarterCacheAutoConfiguration {

}
package com.公司名.starter.cache.config;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Getter
@Setter
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "starter.cache")
public class CacheProperties {

    private Boolean enable = true;

    /**
     * cache type: redis, caffeine
     */
    private String name;

    private Map<String, String> cacheNames;

    private CaffeineConfig caffeine = new CaffeineConfig();

    private RedisConfig redis = new RedisConfig();

    @Data
    @Configuration
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "starter.cache.caffeine")
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "starter.cache", value = "name", havingValue = "caffeine")
    public static class CaffeineConfig {

        private Long maximumSize;

    }

    @Data
    @Configuration
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "starter.cache.redis")
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "starter.cache", value = "name", havingValue = "redis")
    public static class RedisConfig {

        private boolean autoTypeSupport = false;

        private List<String> autoTypeAccept;

        private String deny;

        /**
         * serializer type: fastjson, jackson
         */
        private String serializer;

    }
}

package com.公司名.starter.cache.config;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.ParserConfig;
import com.公司名.starter.cache.serializer.FastjsonRedisSerializer;
import com.公司名.starter.cache.serializer.JacksonRedisSerializer;
import com.公司名.starter.cache.util.CacheUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.MapUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheWriter;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializationContext;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;

@Slf4j
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnBean(CacheProperties.RedisConfig.class)
public class RedisCacheConfig {

    @Autowired
    private CacheProperties cacheProperties;

    @Autowired
    private RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory;

    @Autowired
    private RedisSerializer<Object> redisSerializer;

    @Bean
    @Primary
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "starter.cache.redis", name = "serializer", havingValue = "fastjson")
    public RedisSerializer<Object> fastjsonRedisSerializer() {
        CacheProperties.RedisConfig redisConfig = cacheProperties.getRedis();
        Optional.ofNullable(redisConfig.getAutoTypeAccept()).orElse(Collections.emptyList())
            .forEach(accept -> {
                ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().addAccept(accept);
            });

        if (redisConfig.getDeny() != null) {
            String[] denyList = redisConfig.getDeny().split(",");
            for (String denyStr : denyList) {
                ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().addDeny(denyStr);
            }
        }
        ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(redisConfig.isAutoTypeSupport());
        return new FastjsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
    }

    @Bean
    @Primary
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "starter.cache.redis", name = "serializer", havingValue = "jackson")
    public RedisSerializer<Object> jacksonRedisSerializer() {
        return new JacksonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
    }

    @Bean
    @Primary
    public CacheManager cacheManager() {
        Map<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> configMap = getConfigMap(cacheProperties.getCacheNames());
        return new RedisCacheManager(
                RedisCacheWriter.nonLockingRedisCacheWriter(redisConnectionFactory),
                // 默认策略 未配置key使用
                this.getConfigWithTtl(10, ChronoUnit.MINUTES),
                // 指定key策略
                configMap
        );
    }

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, ?> redisTemplate() {
        RedisTemplate<String, ?> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();
        redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(redisSerializer);
        return redisTemplate;
    }

    private Map<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> getConfigMap(Map<String, String> cacheNames) {
        if (MapUtils.isEmpty(cacheNames)) {
            return Collections.emptyMap();
        }
        Map<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> redisCacheConfigurationMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : cacheNames.entrySet()) {
            String cacheName = entry.getKey();
            String ttl = entry.getValue();
            if (!CacheUtil.validateConfig(ttl)) {
                log.error("缓存配置{}格式错误", cacheName);
            }
            redisCacheConfigurationMap.put(cacheName, getConfigWithTtl(CacheUtil.parseTtlToSecond(ttl), ChronoUnit.SECONDS));
        }
        return redisCacheConfigurationMap;
    }

    private RedisCacheConfiguration getConfigWithTtl(long ttl, TemporalUnit unit) {
        RedisCacheConfiguration redisCacheConfiguration = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig();
        return redisCacheConfiguration.serializeValuesWith(
                RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(redisSerializer)
        ).entryTtl(Duration.of(ttl, unit));
    }
}

Redis 事务

redis事务是一个单独的隔离操作：事务中得所有命令都会序列化，按顺序地执行。事务在执行的过程中，不会被其他客户端发送来的命令请求所打断。redis的事务主要租用是串联多个米宁，防止别人的命令插队

命令	描述	语法	返回值	示例
Redis Exec 命令	执行所有事务块内的命令。 事务块内所有命令的返回值，按命令执行的先后顺序排列。 当操作被打断时，返回空值 nil 。			# 事务被成功执行 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI OK redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR user_id QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR user_id QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR user_id QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PING QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXEC 1) (integer) 1 2) (integer) 2 3) (integer) 3 4) PONG # 监视 key ，且事务成功执行 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> WATCH lock lock_times OK redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI OK redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET lock "huangz" QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR lock_times QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXEC 1) OK 2) (integer) 1 # 监视 key ，且事务被打断 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> WATCH lock lock_times OK redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI OK redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET lock "joe" # 就在这时，另一个客户端修改了 lock_times 的值 QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR lock_times QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXEC # 因为 lock_times 被修改， joe 的事务执行失败 (nil)
Redis Watch 命令	监视一个(或多个) key ，如果在事务执行之前这个(或这些) key 被其他命令所改动，那么事务将被打断。		总是返回 OK 。	WATCH lock lock_times OK
Redis Discard 命令	取消事务，放弃执行事务块内的所有命令。		总是返回 OK 。
Redis Unwatch 命令	取消 WATCH 命令对所有 key 的监视。
Redis Multi 命令	标记一个事务块的开始。			redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI # 标记事务开始 OK redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR user_id # 多条命令按顺序入队 QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR user_id QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR user_id QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PING QUEUED redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXEC # 执行 1) (integer) 1 2) (integer) 2 3) (integer) 3 4) PONG

从输入Muti命令开始，输入的命令会都会一次进入命令队列中，但不会执行，直到输入exec后，redis会将之前的命令队列中得命令来依次执行。组队的过程中可以通过discard来放弃组队。

错误：

• 组队任何一个命令错误，例如set key value (value忘记输入了) 最终都不会执行执行阶段

• 组队成功，执行中哪个有误，则哪个会报错。其他没有错误的命令也会正常操作。

  set c1 v1 
      incr c1
      exec 
      
  

事务和锁的机制-事务冲突（悲观锁和乐观锁）

三个请求

总金额为10000，以下共有三个请求同时请求

• 一个请求想消费8000

• 一个请求想消费5000

• 一个请求想消费1000元

悲观锁

先 向 10000 上锁， 其他动作都不能操作，其他都是block状态，第一次请求完就释放操作。 每次操作之前都是上锁，只有等操作完才释放。

悲观锁：每次拿数据的时候都认为别人会修改。所以每次在拿数据的时候都会上锁，这样别人想拿数据就会阻塞 直到锁释放后，它拿到锁。行锁，表锁，读锁，写锁 都是在操作之前先上锁。

乐观锁

给数据加上version版本号

第一个请求拿到余额，和版本号（1.0.0） 第二个请求拿到余额 和版本号（1.0.0） ，第一个请求去操作时候，带上版本号例如数据库update的时候 version字段为1.0.0 ，更新完后版本则自动加1变为 1.0.1 ，当第二个请求去操作的时候，此时带上的还是1.0.0 ，但是已经没有1.0.0 则更新失败 。

简称：CAS自旋锁 ，而CAS锁只是乐观锁的一种

演示乐观锁和事务特性

 # 以下执行的顺序是，先在客户端1 设置test 为1  ，并且 在客户端 1 2 都watch test ,然后客户端1 执行multi 直到exec ，可以成功执行，然后客户端执行multi   直到 exec 则返回null 
 connected!
> select 0
OK
> set test 1
OK
> watch test
OK
> multi
OK
> incr test
QUEUED
> incr test
QUEUED
> exec
2
3


 192.168.1.232@6379 connected!
> select 0
OK
> watch test
OK
> multi
OK
> incr test
QUEUED
> incr test
QUEUED
> exec
null

redis 事务特性

单独的隔离操作

• 事务中的所有命令都会序列化，按顺序地执行。事务在执行地过程中，不会被其他客户端发送过来地命令请求所打断

没有隔离级别地概念

• 队列中地命令没有提交之前都不会实际执行。因为事务提交前任何指令都不会被实际执行

不保证原子性

• 事务中如果有一条命令执行失败，其后地命令依然会被执行，没有回滚

# yum install httpd-tools
ab -help
ab [options] [hosts:port/path]
ab 
-n  requests:表示当前请求次数
-c  current :表示当前并发次数
-n 1000 -c 100 有100个是并发的
-t 如果适用POST或者PUT 提交 ，Content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded;
-p 如果是post请求则是请求体   postifile 请求体 

Redis示例

Jedis

package tech.burny.burnyredis01;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
import redis.clients.jedis.Transaction;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Author: cyx
 * 
 * @ProjectName: IntelliJ IDEA
 * @Description:
 */
@Slf4j
public class Redis01 {
    public static  boolean  dotest(String uid,String prodId){
        //1.连接redis

        Jedis jedis=new Jedis("192.168.1.202",6379);






        //2.拼接key  库存key + 秒杀用户的key
        String kcKey="sk:"+prodId+":qt";
        String userKey="sk:"+prodId+":user";

        String kc=jedis.get(kcKey);
        //3.获取库存，如果库存为空，则秒杀活动还没开始
        if (kc ==null){
            log.info("秒杀还没开始");
            jedis.close();
            return false;
        }
        //4.开始秒杀
        //5.每个用户只能秒杀一次
        boolean sismember = jedis.sismember(userKey, uid);
        if (sismember){
            log.info("已经秒杀成功，不能重复秒杀");
            jedis.close();
return false;
        }

        // 判断如果商品数量或者库存数量小于0 ，则秒杀结束
        if (Integer.parseInt(kc)<=0){
            log.info("秒杀结束");
            jedis.close();
            return false;
        }



        jedis.decr(kcKey);
        jedis.sadd(userKey,uid);
        jedis.close();
        //库存减一
        //把秒杀成功的用户需要加到清单里面
        //yum install httpd-tools

        //第二示例：
                JedisPool instance =
                JedisPoolUtil.getInstance();
        Jedis resource = instance.getResource();

        Transaction multi = resource.multi();
        //组队操作
        //组队操作 秒杀过程
        multi.decr(kcKey);
        multi.sadd(userKey,uid);
        //剔除队伍操作
        multi.discard();
        List<Object> exec = multi.exec();

        return true;
    }
}

JedisPool

package tech.burny.burnyredis01;

import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;

/**
 * @Author: cyx
 * 
 * @ProjectName: IntelliJ IDEA
 * @Description:
 */
public class JedisPoolUtil {
    
    //可解决超时报错问题
    private static  volatile JedisPool jedisPool=null;
    public static JedisPool getInstance(){
        if (null==jedisPool){
            synchronized (JedisPoolUtil.class){
                if (null==jedisPool){
                    JedisPoolConfig config=new JedisPoolConfig();
                    config.setMaxTotal(200); //最大连接数  控制一个 pool 可分配多少个 jedis 实例，通过 pool.getResource () 来获取；如果赋值为 - 1，则表示不限制；如果 pool 已经分配了 MaxTotal 个 jedis 实例，则此时 pool 的状态为 exhausted。

                    config.setMaxIdle(32);//表示当borrow一个jedis实例时，最大的等待毫秒数，如果超过等待时间，则直接抛JedisConnectionException；
                    config.setMaxWaitMillis(100*100); //超过连接数是否等待
                    config.setBlockWhenExhausted(true);
                    config.setTestOnBorrow(true); //# ping
                    jedisPool=new JedisPool(config,"192.168.1.202",6379,60*1000);
                }
            }
        }
        return  jedisPool;
    }





}

库存遗留问题（redis和java程序 整个方法没有原子性问题）LUA脚本*

• 作为嵌入式语言
• 一次性交给redis执行，减少反复连接redis的次数，提升性能
• LUA脚本类似redis的事务，有一定的原子性，不会被其他命令插队，可以完成一些redis事务的操作
• 需要2.6以上版本
• 通过lua脚本解决争抢问题，实际上是redis利用其单线程的特性，用任务队列的方式解决多任务并发的问题

local userid=keys[1]; # 定义标量，要求输入
local prodid=keys[2];
local qtkey="sk:"..prodid..":qt";  # 字符串拼接
local userskey="sk:"..prodid.."usr";
local userExits=redis.call("sismember",userskey,userid);  # 调用方法
if tonumber(userExits)==1 then
     return 2;  # 约定俗称：如果为2则为失败
end
local num=redis.call("get",qtkey);
if tonumber(num)< =0 then 
  return 2;
else
 redis.call("decr",qtkey);
 redis.call("sadd",userkey,userid);
end;
return 1;

java调用

        Jedis resource1 = instance.getResource();
        String jiaoben="....";
        String s = resource1.scriptLoad(jiaoben);
        

Redis持久化操作

三种方式。

官网地址说明

RDB（Redis Database）

在指定的时间间隔内将内存中的数据集快照写入磁盘

全部数据的快照

备份执行

过程

Redis会单独创建（fork）一个子进程来进行持久化，会先将数据写入到 一个临时文件中，待持久化过程都结束了，再用这个临时文件替换上次持久化好的文件。 整个过程中，主进程是不进行任何IO操作的，这就确保了极高的性能 如果需要进行大规模数据的恢复，且对于数据恢复的完整性不是非常敏感，那RDB方式要比AOF方式更加的高效。RDB的缺点是最后一次持久化后的数据可能丢失。

Fork

l Fork的作用是复制一个与当前进程一样的进程。新进程的所有数据（变量、环境变量、程序计数器等） 数值都和原进程一致，但是是一个全新的进程，并作为原进程的子进程

l 在Linux程序中，fork()会产生一个和父进程完全相同的子进程，但子进程在此后多会exec系统调用，出于效率考虑，Linux中引入了“写时复制技术”

l 一般情况父进程和子进程会共用同一段物理内存，只有进程空间的各段的内容要发生变化时，才会将父进程的内容复制一份给子进程。

• dump.rdb文件

  在redis.conf配置中配置文件名称，默认为dump.rdb

  # The filename where to dump the DB 文件名
  dbfilename dump.rdb
  dir ./  #  目录
  stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes # 硬盘已经满了，就停止备份
  rdbcompression yes ## 备份的文件是否采用压缩 LZF算法
  rdbchecksum yes # 备份的文件是否完整性检查 大概有10%的性能消耗 CRC64算法来进行数据校验
  save 
   save <seconds> <changes> [<seconds> <changes> ...]
   # 自动保存的事件
    save 3600 1 300 100 60 10000
    # RDB是整个内存的压缩过的Snapshot，RDB的数据结构，可以配置复合的快照触发条件，
   # 如果在3600 秒内 至少1个key发生变化 or
    # 如果在300 秒内 至少100个key发生变化 or
   #   如果在60 秒内 至少10000个key发生变化 or
      
  

  

  save ：save时只管保存，其它不管，全部阻塞。手动保存。不建议。

  bgsave：Redis会在后台异步进行快照操作， 快照同时还可以响应客户端请求。

  可以通过lastsave 命令获取最后一次成功执行快照的时间

• flushall

  执行flushall命令，也会产生dump.rdb文件，但里面是空的，无意义

rdb文件的备份

先通过config get dir 查询rdb文件的目录

将*.rdb的文件拷贝到别的地方

rdb的恢复

• 关闭Redis

• 先把备份的文件拷贝到工作目录下 cp dump2.rdb dump.rdb

• 启动Redis, 备份数据会直接加载

优势

• 适合大规模的数据恢复

• 对数据完整性和一致性要求不高更适合使用

• 节省磁盘空间

• 恢复速度快

劣势

• Fork的时候，内存中的数据被克隆了一份，大致2倍的膨胀性需要考虑

• 虽然Redis在fork时使用了写时拷贝技术,但是如果数据庞大时还是比较消耗性能。

• 在备份周期在一定间隔时间做一次备份，所以如果Redis意外down掉的话，就会丢失最后一次快照后的所有修改。

手动停止

redis-cli config set save "" #save后给空值，表示禁用保存策略

AOF（Append Only File）

概念

以日志的形式来记录每个写操作（增量保存），将Redis执行过的所有写指令记录下来(读操作不记录)， 只许追加文件但不可以改写文件，redis启动之初会读取该文件重新构建数据，换言之，redis 重启的话就根据日志文件的内容将写指令从前到后执行一次以完成数据的恢复工作

配置

#默认配置 不开启
appendonly no
# aof文件以及目录
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
appenddirname "appendonlydir"


cd /usr/local/bin/
./redis-server  /data/soft/redis/redis-7.0.4/redis.conf 

• 如果AOF和RDB同时开启，系统默认取AOF的数据

启动

AOF的备份机制和性能虽然和RDB不同, 但是备份和恢复的操作同RDB一样，都是拷贝备份文件，需要恢复时再拷贝到Redis工作目录下，启动系统即加载。

修复

恢复

1. 正常恢复

• 修改默认的appendonly no，改为yes

• 将有数据的aof文件复制一份保存到对应目录(查看目录：config get dir)

• 恢复：重启redis然后重新加载

2. 异常恢复

   • 修改默认的appendonly no，改为yes

   • 如遇到AOF文件损坏，通过/usr/local/bin/redis-check-aof--fix appendonly.aof进行恢复

   • 备份被写坏的AOF文件

   • 恢复：重启redis，然后重新加载

AOF同步频率设置

appendfsync always

始终同步，每次Redis的写入都会立刻记入日志；性能较差但数据完整性比较好

appendfsync everysec

每秒同步，每秒记入日志一次，如果宕机，本秒的数据可能丢失。

appendfsync no

redis不主动进行同步，把同步时机交给操作系统。

AOF流程

1. 客户端的请求写命令会被append追加到AOF缓冲区内；

2. AOF缓冲区根据AOF持久化策略[always,everysec,no]将操作sync同步到磁盘的AOF文件中；

3. AOF文件大小超过重写策略或手动重写时，会对AOF文件rewrite重写，压缩AOF文件容量；

4. Redis服务重启时，会重新load加载AOF文件中的写操作达到数据恢复的目的；

rewrite 压缩 （重写压缩）

概念

AOF采用文件追加方式，文件会越来越大为避免出现此种情况，新增了重写机制, 当AOF文件的大小超过所设定的阈值时，Redis就会启动AOF文件的内容压缩， 只保留可以恢复数据的最小指令集.可以使用命令bgrewriteaof

e.g.

将多条语句压缩
例如：
set a 1 
set b 2
重写压缩后成为
set a 1 b 2

重写原理

AOF文件持续增长而过大时，会fork出一条新进程来将文件重写(也是先写临时文件最后再rename)，redis4.0版本后的重写，是指上就是把rdb 的快照，以二进制的形式附在新的aof头部，作为已有的历史数据，替换掉原来的流水账操作。

no-appendfsync-on-rewrite：

如果 no-appendfsync-on-rewrite=yes ,不写入aof文件只写入缓存，用户请求不会阻塞，但是在这段时间如果宕机会丢失这段时间的缓存数据。（降低数据安全性，提高性能）

如果 no-appendfsync-on-rewrite=no, 还是会把数据往磁盘里刷，但是遇到重写操作，可能会发生阻塞。（数据安全，但是性能降低）

触发机制，何时重写

Redis会记录上次重写时的AOF大小，默认配置是当AOF文件大小是上次rewrite后大小的一倍且文件大于64M时触发

重写虽然可以节约大量磁盘空间，减少恢复时间。但是每次重写还是有一定的负担的，因此设定Redis要满足一定条件才会进行重写。

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage：设置重写的基准值，文件达到100%时开始重写（文件是原来重写后文件的2倍时触发）

auto-aof-rewrite-min-size：设置重写的基准值，最小文件64MB。达到这个值开始重写。

例如：文件达到70MB开始重写，降到50MB，下次什么时候开始重写？100MB

系统载入时或者上次重写完毕时，Redis会记录此时AOF大小，设为base_size,

如果Redis的AOF当前大小>= base_size +base_size*100% (默认)且当前大小>=64mb(默认)的情况下，Redis会对AOF进行重写。

重写流程

1. bgrewriteaof触发重写，判断是否当前有bgsave或bgrewriteaof在运行，如果有，则等待该命令结束后再继续执行。

2. 主进程fork出子进程执行重写操作，保证主进程不会阻塞。

3. 子进程遍历redis内存中数据到临时文件，客户端的写请求同时写入aof_buf缓冲区和aof_rewrite_buf重写缓冲区保证原AOF文件完整以及新AOF文件生成期间的新的数据修改动作不会丢失。

4. 子进程写完新的AOF文件后，向主进程发信号，父进程更新统计信息。

5. 主进程把aof_rewrite_buf中的数据写入到新的AOF文件。

6. 使用新的AOF文件覆盖旧的AOF文件，完成AOF重写。

优点

• 备份机制更稳健，丢失数据概率更低。

• 可读的日志文本，通过操作AOF稳健，可以处理误操作。

缺点

• 比起RDB占用更多的磁盘空间。

• 恢复备份速度要慢。

• 每次读写都同步的话，有一定的性能压力。

• 存在个别Bug，造成恢复不能。

官方推荐

两个都开启

• RDB持久化方式能够在指定的时间间隔能对你的数据进行快照存储

• AOF持久化方式记录每次对服务器写的操作,当服务器重启的时候会重新执行这些命令来恢复原始的数据,AOF命令以redis协议追加保存每次写的操作到文件末尾.

• Redis还能对AOF文件进行后台重写,使得AOF文件的体积不至于过大

• 只做缓存：如果你只希望你的数据在服务器运行的时候存在,你也可以不使用任何持久化方式.

• 同时开启两种持久化方式

• 在这种情况下,当redis重启的时候会优先载入AOF文件来恢复原始的数据, 因为在通常情况下AOF文件保存的数据集要比RDB文件保存的数据集要完整.

• RDB的数据不实时，同时使用两者时服务器重启也只会找AOF文件。那要不要只使用AOF呢？

• 建议不要，因为RDB更适合用于备份数据库(AOF在不断变化不好备份)， 快速重启，而且不会有AOF可能潜在的bug，留着作为一个万一的手段。

• 性能建议 因为RDB文件只用作后备用途，建议只在Slave上持久化RDB文件，而且只要15分钟备份一次就够了，只保留save 900 1这条规则。 如果使用AOF，好处是在最恶劣情况下也只会丢失不超过两秒数据，启动脚本较简单只load自己的AOF文件就可以了。 代价,一是带来了持续的IO，二是AOF rewrite的最后将rewrite过程中产生的新数据写到新文件造成的阻塞几乎是不可避免的。 只要硬盘许可，应该尽量减少AOF rewrite的频率，AOF重写的基础大小默认值64M太小了，可以设到5G以上。 默认超过原大小100%大小时重写可以改到适当的数值。

主从复制

概念

主机数据更新后根据配置和策略， 自动同步到备机的master/slaver机制，Master以写为主，Slave以读为主

作用

• 读写分离
• 容灾快速恢复

搭建

同一台机器，复制配置文件并修改端口号即可

 cd /data/soft/redis/redis-7.0.4/
 cp redis.conf  redis.conf.bak
# 设置为rdb持久化，而不是aof.此处也可以设置为aof就是要指定文件名称和路径 
appendonly no
# 注释掉这个配置，可以允许其他ip访问
# bind 127.0.0.1 -::1
# 由yes改为no
protected-mode no

 vim redis6379.conf
 include ./redis.conf
pidfile ./redis6379.pid
port 6379
dbfilename dump6379.rdb

 vim redis6380.conf
 
 include ./redis.conf
pidfile ./redis6380.pid
port 6380
dbfilename dump6380.rdb

 vim redis6381.conf
 
 include ./redis.conf
pidfile ./redis6381.pid
port 6381
dbfilename dump6381.rdb


#启动前先停止掉
/usr/local/bin/redis-cli
 shutdown
# 启动
 /usr/local/bin/redis-server ./redis6379.conf 
  /usr/local/bin/redis-server ./redis6380.conf 
 /usr/local/bin/redis-server ./redis6381.conf 
 # 查看进程
 [root@node1 redis-7.0.4]# ps -ef|grep redis
root      991969       1  0 23:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
root      993159       1  0 23:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6380
root      995252       1  0 23:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6381
root      998828  917315  0 23:15 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto redis
# 查看节点信息
info replication


[root@node1 redis-7.0.4]# /usr/local/bin/redis-cli  -h 127.0.0.1 -p  6379
127.0.0.1:6379> info  repication
127.0.0.1:6379> info  replication
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:0
master_failover_state:no-failover
master_replid:cf73338105ccaaa35d678deb4206baa2339d8952
master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
master_repl_offset:0
second_repl_offset:-1
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0
127.0.0.1:6379> 

# 设置主从 6379 主机  6380 从机 6381 从机
# 在从机上运行命令
slaveof [masterIP] [masterPort]

slaveof 192.168.1.148 6379

[root@node1 redis-7.0.4]# /usr/local/bin/redis-cli  -h 127.0.0.1 -p  6380
127.0.0.1:6380> slaveof 192.168.1.148 6379
OK
127.0.0.1:6380> 
[root@node1 redis-7.0.4]# /usr/local/bin/redis-cli  -h 127.0.0.1 -p  6381
127.0.0.1:6381> slaveof 192.168.1.148 6379
OK
127.0.0.1:6381> 
#从机不想成为从机

slaveof no one

#查看主机
[root@node1 redis-7.0.4]# /usr/local/bin/redis-cli  -h 127.0.0.1 -p  6379
127.0.0.1:6379> info replication
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:2 # 一共由两个从机
slave0:ip=192.168.1.148,port=6380,state=online,offset=14,lag=1
slave1:ip=192.168.1.148,port=6381,state=online,offset=14,lag=1
master_failover_state:no-failover
master_replid:dd9ea409c49650d41e8ca4dddaae2a2070496151
master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
master_repl_offset:28
second_repl_offset:-1
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:1
repl_backlog_histlen:28
127.0.0.1:6379> 

 
# 验证
在从机上写，是不允许的，只可以读

#

redis.conf 配置

# Redis configuration file example.
#
# Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be
# started with the file path as first argument:
#
# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.

################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# Include one or more other config files here.  This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings.  Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# Note that option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"
# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes
# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
#
# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
# options, it is better to use include as the last line.
#
# Included paths may contain wildcards. All files matching the wildcards will
# be included in alphabetical order.
# Note that if an include path contains a wildcards but no files match it when
# the server is started, the include statement will be ignored and no error will
# be emitted.  It is safe, therefore, to include wildcard files from empty
# directories.
#
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf
# include /path/to/fragments/*.conf
#

################################## MODULES #####################################

# Load modules at startup. If the server is not able to load modules
# it will abort. It is possible to use multiple loadmodule directives.
#
# loadmodule /path/to/my_module.so
# loadmodule /path/to/other_module.so

################################## NETWORK #####################################

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all available network interfaces on the host machine.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
# Each address can be prefixed by "-", which means that redis will not fail to
# start if the address is not available. Being not available only refers to
# addresses that does not correspond to any network interface. Addresses that
# are already in use will always fail, and unsupported protocols will always BE
# silently skipped.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1     # listens on two specific IPv4 addresses
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1              # listens on loopback IPv4 and IPv6
# bind * -::*                     # like the default, all available interfaces
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only on the
# IPv4 and IPv6 (if available) loopback interface addresses (this means Redis
# will only be able to accept client connections from the same host that it is
# running on).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# COMMENT OUT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
#
# You will also need to set a password unless you explicitly disable protected
# mode.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
# bind 127.0.0.1 -::1

# By default, outgoing connections (from replica to master, from Sentinel to
# instances, cluster bus, etc.) are not bound to a specific local address. In
# most cases, this means the operating system will handle that based on routing
# and the interface through which the connection goes out.
#
# Using bind-source-addr it is possible to configure a specific address to bind
# to, which may also affect how the connection gets routed.
#
# Example:
#
# bind-source-addr 10.0.0.1

# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and the default user has no password, the server
# only accepts local connections from the IPv4 address (127.0.0.1), IPv6 address
# (::1) or Unix domain sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured.
protected-mode no

# Redis uses default hardened security configuration directives to reduce the
# attack surface on innocent users. Therefore, several sensitive configuration
# directives are immutable, and some potentially-dangerous commands are blocked.
#
# Configuration directives that control files that Redis writes to (e.g., 'dir'
# and 'dbfilename') and that aren't usually modified during runtime
# are protected by making them immutable.
#
# Commands that can increase the attack surface of Redis and that aren't usually
# called by users are blocked by default.
#
# These can be exposed to either all connections or just local ones by setting
# each of the configs listed below to either of these values:
#
# no    - Block for any connection (remain immutable)
# yes   - Allow for any connection (no protection)
# local - Allow only for local connections. Ones originating from the
#         IPv4 address (127.0.0.1), IPv6 address (::1) or Unix domain sockets.
#
# enable-protected-configs no
# enable-debug-command no
# enable-module-command no

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 6379

# TCP listen() backlog.
#
# In high requests-per-second environments you need a high backlog in order
# to avoid slow clients connection issues. Note that the Linux kernel
# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
# in order to get the desired effect.
tcp-backlog 511

# Unix socket.
#
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /run/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700

# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 0

# TCP keepalive.
#
# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
#
# 1) Detect dead peers.
# 2) Force network equipment in the middle to consider the connection to be
#    alive.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new
# Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1.
tcp-keepalive 300

# Apply OS-specific mechanism to mark the listening socket with the specified
# ID, to support advanced routing and filtering capabilities.
#
# On Linux, the ID represents a connection mark.
# On FreeBSD, the ID represents a socket cookie ID.
# On OpenBSD, the ID represents a route table ID.
#
# The default value is 0, which implies no marking is required.
# socket-mark-id 0

################################# TLS/SSL #####################################

# By default, TLS/SSL is disabled. To enable it, the "tls-port" configuration
# directive can be used to define TLS-listening ports. To enable TLS on the
# default port, use:
#
# port 0
# tls-port 6379

# Configure a X.509 certificate and private key to use for authenticating the
# server to connected clients, masters or cluster peers.  These files should be
# PEM formatted.
#
# tls-cert-file redis.crt
# tls-key-file redis.key
#
# If the key file is encrypted using a passphrase, it can be included here
# as well.
#
# tls-key-file-pass secret

# Normally Redis uses the same certificate for both server functions (accepting
# connections) and client functions (replicating from a master, establishing
# cluster bus connections, etc.).
#
# Sometimes certificates are issued with attributes that designate them as
# client-only or server-only certificates. In that case it may be desired to use
# different certificates for incoming (server) and outgoing (client)
# connections. To do that, use the following directives:
#
# tls-client-cert-file client.crt
# tls-client-key-file client.key
#
# If the key file is encrypted using a passphrase, it can be included here
# as well.
#
# tls-client-key-file-pass secret

# Configure a DH parameters file to enable Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange,
# required by older versions of OpenSSL (<3.0). Newer versions do not require
# this configuration and recommend against it.
#
# tls-dh-params-file redis.dh

# Configure a CA certificate(s) bundle or directory to authenticate TLS/SSL
# clients and peers.  Redis requires an explicit configuration of at least one
# of these, and will not implicitly use the system wide configuration.
#
# tls-ca-cert-file ca.crt
# tls-ca-cert-dir /etc/ssl/certs

# By default, clients (including replica servers) on a TLS port are required
# to authenticate using valid client side certificates.
#
# If "no" is specified, client certificates are not required and not accepted.
# If "optional" is specified, client certificates are accepted and must be
# valid if provided, but are not required.
#
# tls-auth-clients no
# tls-auth-clients optional

# By default, a Redis replica does not attempt to establish a TLS connection
# with its master.
#
# Use the following directive to enable TLS on replication links.
#
# tls-replication yes

# By default, the Redis Cluster bus uses a plain TCP connection. To enable
# TLS for the bus protocol, use the following directive:
#
# tls-cluster yes

# By default, only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3 are enabled and it is highly recommended
# that older formally deprecated versions are kept disabled to reduce the attack surface.
# You can explicitly specify TLS versions to support.
# Allowed values are case insensitive and include "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2",
# "TLSv1.3" (OpenSSL >= 1.1.1) or any combination.
# To enable only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3, use:
#
# tls-protocols "TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3"

# Configure allowed ciphers.  See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information
# about the syntax of this string.
#
# Note: this configuration applies only to <= TLSv1.2.
#
# tls-ciphers DEFAULT:!MEDIUM

# Configure allowed TLSv1.3 ciphersuites.  See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more
# information about the syntax of this string, and specifically for TLSv1.3
# ciphersuites.
#
# tls-ciphersuites TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

# When choosing a cipher, use the server's preference instead of the client
# preference. By default, the server follows the client's preference.
#
# tls-prefer-server-ciphers yes

# By default, TLS session caching is enabled to allow faster and less expensive
# reconnections by clients that support it. Use the following directive to disable
# caching.
#
# tls-session-caching no

# Change the default number of TLS sessions cached. A zero value sets the cache
# to unlimited size. The default size is 20480.
#
# tls-session-cache-size 5000

# Change the default timeout of cached TLS sessions. The default timeout is 300
# seconds.
#
# tls-session-cache-timeout 60

################################# GENERAL #####################################

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
# When Redis is supervised by upstart or systemd, this parameter has no impact.
daemonize yes

# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
#   supervised no      - no supervision interaction
#   supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
#                        requires "expect stop" in your upstart job config
#   supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
#                        on startup, and updating Redis status on a regular
#                        basis.
#   supervised auto    - detect upstart or systemd method based on
#                        UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
#       They do not enable continuous pings back to your supervisor.
#
# The default is "no". To run under upstart/systemd, you can simply uncomment
# the line below:
#
# supervised auto

# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
#
# Note that on modern Linux systems "/run/redis.pid" is more conforming
# and should be used instead.
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid

# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice

# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile ""

# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no

# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis

# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# syslog-facility local0

# To disable the built in crash log, which will possibly produce cleaner core
# dumps when they are needed, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-log-enabled no

# To disable the fast memory check that's run as part of the crash log, which
# will possibly let redis terminate sooner, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-memcheck-enabled no

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
databases 16

# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY and syslog logging is
# disabled. Basically this means that normally a logo is displayed only in
# interactive sessions.
#
# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
always-show-logo no

# By default, Redis modifies the process title (as seen in 'top' and 'ps') to
# provide some runtime information. It is possible to disable this and leave
# the process name as executed by setting the following to no.
set-proc-title yes

# When changing the process title, Redis uses the following template to construct
# the modified title.
#
# Template variables are specified in curly brackets. The following variables are
# supported:
#
# {title}           Name of process as executed if parent, or type of child process.
# {listen-addr}     Bind address or '*' followed by TCP or TLS port listening on, or
#                   Unix socket if only that's available.
# {server-mode}     Special mode, i.e. "[sentinel]" or "[cluster]".
# {port}            TCP port listening on, or 0.
# {tls-port}        TLS port listening on, or 0.
# {unixsocket}      Unix domain socket listening on, or "".
# {config-file}     Name of configuration file used.
#
proc-title-template "{title} {listen-addr} {server-mode}"

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################

# Save the DB to disk.
#
# save <seconds> <changes> [<seconds> <changes> ...]
#
# Redis will save the DB if the given number of seconds elapsed and it
# surpassed the given number of write operations against the DB.
#
# Snapshotting can be completely disabled with a single empty string argument
# as in following example:
#
# save ""
#
# Unless specified otherwise, by default Redis will save the DB:
#   * After 3600 seconds (an hour) if at least 1 change was performed
#   * After 300 seconds (5 minutes) if at least 100 changes were performed
#   * After 60 seconds if at least 10000 changes were performed
#
# You can set these explicitly by uncommenting the following line.
#
# save 3600 1 300 100 60 10000

# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# By default compression is enabled as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes

# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes

# Enables or disables full sanitization checks for ziplist and listpack etc when
# loading an RDB or RESTORE payload. This reduces the chances of a assertion or
# crash later on while processing commands.
# Options:
#   no         - Never perform full sanitization
#   yes        - Always perform full sanitization
#   clients    - Perform full sanitization only for user connections.
#                Excludes: RDB files, RESTORE commands received from the master
#                connection, and client connections which have the
#                skip-sanitize-payload ACL flag.
# The default should be 'clients' but since it currently affects cluster
# resharding via MIGRATE, it is temporarily set to 'no' by default.
#
# sanitize-dump-payload no

# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb

# Remove RDB files used by replication in instances without persistence
# enabled. By default this option is disabled, however there are environments
# where for regulations or other security concerns, RDB files persisted on
# disk by masters in order to feed replicas, or stored on disk by replicas
# in order to load them for the initial synchronization, should be deleted
# ASAP. Note that this option ONLY WORKS in instances that have both AOF
# and RDB persistence disabled, otherwise is completely ignored.
#
# An alternative (and sometimes better) way to obtain the same effect is
# to use diskless replication on both master and replicas instances. However
# in the case of replicas, diskless is not always an option.
rdb-del-sync-files no

# The working directory.
#
# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.
#
# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
dir ./

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Replica replication. Use replicaof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
#
#   +------------------+      +---------------+
#   |      Master      | ---> |    Replica    |
#   | (receive writes) |      |  (exact copy) |
#   +------------------+      +---------------+
#
# 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
#    stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
#    a given number of replicas.
# 2) Redis replicas are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
#    master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
#    time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
#    sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
# 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
#    network partition replicas automatically try to reconnect to masters
#    and resynchronize with them.
#
# replicaof <masterip> <masterport>

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the replica request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>
#
# However this is not enough if you are using Redis ACLs (for Redis version
# 6 or greater), and the default user is not capable of running the PSYNC
# command and/or other commands needed for replication. In this case it's
# better to configure a special user to use with replication, and specify the
# masteruser configuration as such:
#
# masteruser <username>
#
# When masteruser is specified, the replica will authenticate against its
# master using the new AUTH form: AUTH <username> <password>.

# When a replica loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the replica can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the replica will
#    still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
#    data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) If replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the replica will reply with error
#    "MASTERDOWN Link with MASTER is down and replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'no'"
#    to all data access commands, excluding commands such as:
#    INFO, REPLICAOF, AUTH, SHUTDOWN, REPLCONF, ROLE, CONFIG, SUBSCRIBE,
#    UNSUBSCRIBE, PSUBSCRIBE, PUNSUBSCRIBE, PUBLISH, PUBSUB, COMMAND, POST,
#    HOST and LATENCY.
#
replica-serve-stale-data yes

# You can configure a replica instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
# a replica instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
# written on a replica will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
# misconfiguration.
#
# Since Redis 2.6 by default replicas are read-only.
#
# Note: read only replicas are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only replica exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only replicas using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
replica-read-only yes

# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
#
# New replicas and reconnecting replicas that are not able to continue the
# replication process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a
# "full synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the
# replicas.
#
# The transmission can happen in two different ways:
#
# 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
#                 file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
#                 process to the replicas incrementally.
# 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
#              RDB file to replica sockets, without touching the disk at all.
#
# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more replicas
# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child
# producing the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead
# once the transfer starts, new replicas arriving will be queued and a new
# transfer will start when the current one terminates.
#
# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple
# replicas will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.
#
# With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication
# works better.
repl-diskless-sync yes

# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
# the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket
# to the replicas.
#
# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
# new replicas arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the
# server waits a delay in order to let more replicas arrive.
#
# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
# it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5

# When diskless replication is enabled with a delay, it is possible to let
# the replication start before the maximum delay is reached if the maximum
# number of replicas expected have connected. Default of 0 means that the
# maximum is not defined and Redis will wait the full delay.
repl-diskless-sync-max-replicas 0

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: RDB diskless load is experimental. Since in this setup the replica
# does not immediately store an RDB on disk, it may cause data loss during
# failovers. RDB diskless load + Redis modules not handling I/O reads may also
# cause Redis to abort in case of I/O errors during the initial synchronization
# stage with the master. Use only if you know what you are doing.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Replica can load the RDB it reads from the replication link directly from the
# socket, or store the RDB to a file and read that file after it was completely
# received from the master.
#
# In many cases the disk is slower than the network, and storing and loading
# the RDB file may increase replication time (and even increase the master's
# Copy on Write memory and replica buffers).
# However, parsing the RDB file directly from the socket may mean that we have
# to flush the contents of the current database before the full rdb was
# received. For this reason we have the following options:
#
# "disabled"    - Don't use diskless load (store the rdb file to the disk first)
# "on-empty-db" - Use diskless load only when it is completely safe.
# "swapdb"      - Keep current db contents in RAM while parsing the data directly
#                 from the socket. Replicas in this mode can keep serving current
#                 data set while replication is in progress, except for cases where
#                 they can't recognize master as having a data set from same
#                 replication history.
#                 Note that this requires sufficient memory, if you don't have it,
#                 you risk an OOM kill.
repl-diskless-load disabled

# Master send PINGs to its replicas in a predefined interval. It's possible to
# change this interval with the repl_ping_replica_period option. The default
# value is 10 seconds.
#
# repl-ping-replica-period 10

# The following option sets the replication timeout for:
#
# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of replica.
# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of replicas (data, pings).
# 3) Replica timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-replica-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the replica. The default
# value is 60 seconds.
#
# repl-timeout 60

# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the replica socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to replicas. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the replica side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the replica side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and replicas are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no

# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates
# replica data when replicas are disconnected for some time, so that when a
# replica wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a
# partial resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the replica
# missed while disconnected.
#
# The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the replica can endure the
# disconnect and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
#
# The backlog is only allocated if there is at least one replica connected.
#
# repl-backlog-size 1mb

# After a master has no connected replicas for some time, the backlog will be
# freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that need to
# elapse, starting from the time the last replica disconnected, for the backlog
# buffer to be freed.
#
# Note that replicas never free the backlog for timeout, since they may be
# promoted to masters later, and should be able to correctly "partially
# resynchronize" with other replicas: hence they should always accumulate backlog.
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
#
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600

# The replica priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO
# output. It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a replica to promote
# into a master if the master is no longer working correctly.
#
# A replica with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
# for instance if there are three replicas with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel
# will pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
#
# However a special priority of 0 marks the replica as not able to perform the
# role of master, so a replica with priority of 0 will never be selected by
# Redis Sentinel for promotion.
#
# By default the priority is 100.
replica-priority 100

# The propagation error behavior controls how Redis will behave when it is
# unable to handle a command being processed in the replication stream from a master
# or processed while reading from an AOF file. Errors that occur during propagation
# are unexpected, and can cause data inconsistency. However, there are edge cases
# in earlier versions of Redis where it was possible for the server to replicate or persist
# commands that would fail on future versions. For this reason the default behavior
# is to ignore such errors and continue processing commands.
#
# If an application wants to ensure there is no data divergence, this configuration
# should be set to 'panic' instead. The value can also be set to 'panic-on-replicas'
# to only panic when a replica encounters an error on the replication stream. One of
# these two panic values will become the default value in the future once there are
# sufficient safety mechanisms in place to prevent false positive crashes.
#
# propagation-error-behavior ignore

# Replica ignore disk write errors controls the behavior of a replica when it is
# unable to persist a write command received from its master to disk. By default,
# this configuration is set to 'no' and will crash the replica in this condition.
# It is not recommended to change this default, however in order to be compatible
# with older versions of Redis this config can be toggled to 'yes' which will just
# log a warning and execute the write command it got from the master.
#
# replica-ignore-disk-write-errors no

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# By default, Redis Sentinel includes all replicas in its reports. A replica
# can be excluded from Redis Sentinel's announcements. An unannounced replica
# will be ignored by the 'sentinel replicas <master>' command and won't be
# exposed to Redis Sentinel's clients.
#
# This option does not change the behavior of replica-priority. Even with
# replica-announced set to 'no', the replica can be promoted to master. To
# prevent this behavior, set replica-priority to 0.
#
# replica-announced yes

# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N replicas connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N replicas need to be in "online" state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the replica, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough replicas
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 replicas with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
# min-replicas-to-write 3
# min-replicas-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-replicas-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-replicas-max-lag is set to 10.

# A Redis master is able to list the address and port of the attached
# replicas in different ways. For example the "INFO replication" section
# offers this information, which is used, among other tools, by
# Redis Sentinel in order to discover replica instances.
# Another place where this info is available is in the output of the
# "ROLE" command of a master.
#
# The listed IP address and port normally reported by a replica is
# obtained in the following way:
#
#   IP: The address is auto detected by checking the peer address
#   of the socket used by the replica to connect with the master.
#
#   Port: The port is communicated by the replica during the replication
#   handshake, and is normally the port that the replica is using to
#   listen for connections.
#
# However when port forwarding or Network Address Translation (NAT) is
# used, the replica may actually be reachable via different IP and port
# pairs. The following two options can be used by a replica in order to
# report to its master a specific set of IP and port, so that both INFO
# and ROLE will report those values.
#
# There is no need to use both the options if you need to override just
# the port or the IP address.
#
# replica-announce-ip 5.5.5.5
# replica-announce-port 1234

############################### KEYS TRACKING #################################

# Redis implements server assisted support for client side caching of values.
# This is implemented using an invalidation table that remembers, using
# a radix key indexed by key name, what clients have which keys. In turn
# this is used in order to send invalidation messages to clients. Please
# check this page to understand more about the feature:
#
#   https://redis.io/topics/client-side-caching
#
# When tracking is enabled for a client, all the read only queries are assumed
# to be cached: this will force Redis to store information in the invalidation
# table. When keys are modified, such information is flushed away, and
# invalidation messages are sent to the clients. However if the workload is
# heavily dominated by reads, Redis could use more and more memory in order
# to track the keys fetched by many clients.
#
# For this reason it is possible to configure a maximum fill value for the
# invalidation table. By default it is set to 1M of keys, and once this limit
# is reached, Redis will start to evict keys in the invalidation table
# even if they were not modified, just to reclaim memory: this will in turn
# force the clients to invalidate the cached values. Basically the table
# maximum size is a trade off between the memory you want to spend server
# side to track information about who cached what, and the ability of clients
# to retain cached objects in memory.
#
# If you set the value to 0, it means there are no limits, and Redis will
# retain as many keys as needed in the invalidation table.
# In the "stats" INFO section, you can find information about the number of
# keys in the invalidation table at every given moment.
#
# Note: when key tracking is used in broadcasting mode, no memory is used
# in the server side so this setting is useless.
#
# tracking-table-max-keys 1000000

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast, an outside user can try up to
# 1 million passwords per second against a modern box. This means that you
# should use very strong passwords, otherwise they will be very easy to break.
# Note that because the password is really a shared secret between the client
# and the server, and should not be memorized by any human, the password
# can be easily a long string from /dev/urandom or whatever, so by using a
# long and unguessable password no brute force attack will be possible.

# Redis ACL users are defined in the following format:
#
#   user <username> ... acl rules ...
#
# For example:
#
#   user worker +@list +@connection ~jobs:* on >ffa9203c493aa99
#
# The special username "default" is used for new connections. If this user
# has the "nopass" rule, then new connections will be immediately authenticated
# as the "default" user without the need of any password provided via the
# AUTH command. Otherwise if the "default" user is not flagged with "nopass"
# the connections will start in not authenticated state, and will require
# AUTH (or the HELLO command AUTH option) in order to be authenticated and
# start to work.
#
# The ACL rules that describe what a user can do are the following:
#
#  on           Enable the user: it is possible to authenticate as this user.
#  off          Disable the user: it's no longer possible to authenticate
#               with this user, however the already authenticated connections
#               will still work.
#  skip-sanitize-payload    RESTORE dump-payload sanitization is skipped.
#  sanitize-payload         RESTORE dump-payload is sanitized (default).
#  +<command>   Allow the execution of that command.
#               May be used with `|` for allowing subcommands (e.g "+config|get")
#  -<command>   Disallow the execution of that command.
#               May be used with `|` for blocking subcommands (e.g "-config|set")
#  +@<category> Allow the execution of all the commands in such category
#               with valid categories are like @admin, @set, @sortedset, ...
#               and so forth, see the full list in the server.c file where
#               the Redis command table is described and defined.
#               The special category @all means all the commands, but currently
#               present in the server, and that will be loaded in the future
#               via modules.
#  +<command>|first-arg  Allow a specific first argument of an otherwise
#                        disabled command. It is only supported on commands with
#                        no sub-commands, and is not allowed as negative form
#                        like -SELECT|1, only additive starting with "+". This
#                        feature is deprecated and may be removed in the future.
#  allcommands  Alias for +@all. Note that it implies the ability to execute
#               all the future commands loaded via the modules system.
#  nocommands   Alias for -@all.
#  ~<pattern>   Add a pattern of keys that can be mentioned as part of
#               commands. For instance ~* allows all the keys. The pattern
#               is a glob-style pattern like the one of KEYS.
#               It is possible to specify multiple patterns.
# %R~<pattern>  Add key read pattern that specifies which keys can be read 
#               from.
# %W~<pattern>  Add key write pattern that specifies which keys can be
#               written to. 
#  allkeys      Alias for ~*
#  resetkeys    Flush the list of allowed keys patterns.
#  &<pattern>   Add a glob-style pattern of Pub/Sub channels that can be
#               accessed by the user. It is possible to specify multiple channel
#               patterns.
#  allchannels  Alias for &*
#  resetchannels            Flush the list of allowed channel patterns.
#  ><password>  Add this password to the list of valid password for the user.
#               For example >mypass will add "mypass" to the list.
#               This directive clears the "nopass" flag (see later).
#  <<password>  Remove this password from the list of valid passwords.
#  nopass       All the set passwords of the user are removed, and the user
#               is flagged as requiring no password: it means that every
#               password will work against this user. If this directive is
#               used for the default user, every new connection will be
#               immediately authenticated with the default user without
#               any explicit AUTH command required. Note that the "resetpass"
#               directive will clear this condition.
#  resetpass    Flush the list of allowed passwords. Moreover removes the
#               "nopass" status. After "resetpass" the user has no associated
#               passwords and there is no way to authenticate without adding
#               some password (or setting it as "nopass" later).
#  reset        Performs the following actions: resetpass, resetkeys, off,
#               -@all. The user returns to the same state it has immediately
#               after its creation.
# (<options>)   Create a new selector with the options specified within the
#               parentheses and attach it to the user. Each option should be 
#               space separated. The first character must be ( and the last 
#               character must be ).
# clearselectors            Remove all of the currently attached selectors. 
#                           Note this does not change the "root" user permissions,
#                           which are the permissions directly applied onto the
#                           user (outside the parentheses).
#
# ACL rules can be specified in any order: for instance you can start with
# passwords, then flags, or key patterns. However note that the additive
# and subtractive rules will CHANGE MEANING depending on the ordering.
# For instance see the following example:
#
#   user alice on +@all -DEBUG ~* >somepassword
#
# This will allow "alice" to use all the commands with the exception of the
# DEBUG command, since +@all added all the commands to the set of the commands
# alice can use, and later DEBUG was removed. However if we invert the order
# of two ACL rules the result will be different:
#
#   user alice on -DEBUG +@all ~* >somepassword
#
# Now DEBUG was removed when alice had yet no commands in the set of allowed
# commands, later all the commands are added, so the user will be able to
# execute everything.
#
# Basically ACL rules are processed left-to-right.
#
# The following is a list of command categories and their meanings:
# * keyspace - Writing or reading from keys, databases, or their metadata 
#     in a type agnostic way. Includes DEL, RESTORE, DUMP, RENAME, EXISTS, DBSIZE,
#     KEYS, EXPIRE, TTL, FLUSHALL, etc. Commands that may modify the keyspace,
#     key or metadata will also have `write` category. Commands that only read
#     the keyspace, key or metadata will have the `read` category.
# * read - Reading from keys (values or metadata). Note that commands that don't
#     interact with keys, will not have either `read` or `write`.
# * write - Writing to keys (values or metadata)
# * admin - Administrative commands. Normal applications will never need to use
#     these. Includes REPLICAOF, CONFIG, DEBUG, SAVE, MONITOR, ACL, SHUTDOWN, etc.
# * dangerous - Potentially dangerous (each should be considered with care for
#     various reasons). This includes FLUSHALL, MIGRATE, RESTORE, SORT, KEYS,
#     CLIENT, DEBUG, INFO, CONFIG, SAVE, REPLICAOF, etc.
# * connection - Commands affecting the connection or other connections.
#     This includes AUTH, SELECT, COMMAND, CLIENT, ECHO, PING, etc.
# * blocking - Potentially blocking the connection until released by another
#     command.
# * fast - Fast O(1) commands. May loop on the number of arguments, but not the
#     number of elements in the key.
# * slow - All commands that are not Fast.
# * pubsub - PUBLISH / SUBSCRIBE related
# * transaction - WATCH / MULTI / EXEC related commands.
# * scripting - Scripting related.
# * set - Data type: sets related.
# * sortedset - Data type: zsets related.
# * list - Data type: lists related.
# * hash - Data type: hashes related.
# * string - Data type: strings related.
# * bitmap - Data type: bitmaps related.
# * hyperloglog - Data type: hyperloglog related.
# * geo - Data type: geo related.
# * stream - Data type: streams related.
#
# For more information about ACL configuration please refer to
# the Redis web site at https://redis.io/topics/acl

# ACL LOG
#
# The ACL Log tracks failed commands and authentication events associated
# with ACLs. The ACL Log is useful to troubleshoot failed commands blocked
# by ACLs. The ACL Log is stored in memory. You can reclaim memory with
# ACL LOG RESET. Define the maximum entry length of the ACL Log below.
acllog-max-len 128

# Using an external ACL file
#
# Instead of configuring users here in this file, it is possible to use
# a stand-alone file just listing users. The two methods cannot be mixed:
# if you configure users here and at the same time you activate the external
# ACL file, the server will refuse to start.
#
# The format of the external ACL user file is exactly the same as the
# format that is used inside redis.conf to describe users.
#
# aclfile /etc/redis/users.acl

# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6 "requirepass" is just a compatibility
# layer on top of the new ACL system. The option effect will be just setting
# the password for the default user. Clients will still authenticate using
# AUTH <password> as usually, or more explicitly with AUTH default <password>
# if they follow the new protocol: both will work.
#
# The requirepass is not compatible with aclfile option and the ACL LOAD
# command, these will cause requirepass to be ignored.
#
# requirepass foobared

# New users are initialized with restrictive permissions by default, via the
# equivalent of this ACL rule 'off resetkeys -@all'. Starting with Redis 6.2, it
# is possible to manage access to Pub/Sub channels with ACL rules as well. The
# default Pub/Sub channels permission if new users is controlled by the
# acl-pubsub-default configuration directive, which accepts one of these values:
#
# allchannels: grants access to all Pub/Sub channels
# resetchannels: revokes access to all Pub/Sub channels
#
# From Redis 7.0, acl-pubsub-default defaults to 'resetchannels' permission.
#
# acl-pubsub-default resetchannels

# Command renaming (DEPRECATED).
#
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: avoid using this option if possible. Instead use ACLs to remove
# commands from the default user, and put them only in some admin user you
# create for administrative purposes.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to replicas may cause problems.

################################### CLIENTS ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
# IMPORTANT: When Redis Cluster is used, the max number of connections is also
# shared with the cluster bus: every node in the cluster will use two
# connections, one incoming and another outgoing. It is important to size the
# limit accordingly in case of very large clusters.
#
# maxclients 10000

############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################

# Set a memory usage limit to the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
#
# If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
# set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to read-only commands like GET.
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU or LFU cache, or to
# set a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have replicas attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the replicas are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of replicas is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short... if you have replicas attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for replica
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').
#
# maxmemory <bytes>

# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached. You can select one from the following behaviors:
#
# volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU, only keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
# volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU, only keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
# volatile-random -> Remove a random key having an expire set.
# allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
# volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.
#
# LRU means Least Recently Used
# LFU means Least Frequently Used
#
# Both LRU, LFU and volatile-ttl are implemented using approximated
# randomized algorithms.
#
# Note: with any of the above policies, when there are no suitable keys for
# eviction, Redis will return an error on write operations that require
# more memory. These are usually commands that create new keys, add data or
# modify existing keys. A few examples are: SET, INCR, HSET, LPUSH, SUNIONSTORE,
# SORT (due to the STORE argument), and EXEC (if the transaction includes any
# command that requires memory).
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy noeviction

# LRU, LFU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
# accuracy. By default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
# used least recently, you can change the sample size using the following
# configuration directive.
#
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
# true LRU but costs more CPU. 3 is faster but not very accurate.
#
# maxmemory-samples 5

# Eviction processing is designed to function well with the default setting.
# If there is an unusually large amount of write traffic, this value may need to
# be increased.  Decreasing this value may reduce latency at the risk of
# eviction processing effectiveness
#   0 = minimum latency, 10 = default, 100 = process without regard to latency
#
# maxmemory-eviction-tenacity 10

# Starting from Redis 5, by default a replica will ignore its maxmemory setting
# (unless it is promoted to master after a failover or manually). It means
# that the eviction of keys will be just handled by the master, sending the
# DEL commands to the replica as keys evict in the master side.
#
# This behavior ensures that masters and replicas stay consistent, and is usually
# what you want, however if your replica is writable, or you want the replica
# to have a different memory setting, and you are sure all the writes performed
# to the replica are idempotent, then you may change this default (but be sure
# to understand what you are doing).
#
# Note that since the replica by default does not evict, it may end using more
# memory than the one set via maxmemory (there are certain buffers that may
# be larger on the replica, or data structures may sometimes take more memory
# and so forth). So make sure you monitor your replicas and make sure they
# have enough memory to never hit a real out-of-memory condition before the
# master hits the configured maxmemory setting.
#
# replica-ignore-maxmemory yes

# Redis reclaims expired keys in two ways: upon access when those keys are
# found to be expired, and also in background, in what is called the
# "active expire key". The key space is slowly and interactively scanned
# looking for expired keys to reclaim, so that it is possible to free memory
# of keys that are expired and will never be accessed again in a short time.
#
# The default effort of the expire cycle will try to avoid having more than
# ten percent of expired keys still in memory, and will try to avoid consuming
# more than 25% of total memory and to add latency to the system. However
# it is possible to increase the expire "effort" that is normally set to
# "1", to a greater value, up to the value "10". At its maximum value the
# system will use more CPU, longer cycles (and technically may introduce
# more latency), and will tolerate less already expired keys still present
# in the system. It's a tradeoff between memory, CPU and latency.
#
# active-expire-effort 1

############################# LAZY FREEING ####################################

# Redis has two primitives to delete keys. One is called DEL and is a blocking
# deletion of the object. It means that the server stops processing new commands
# in order to reclaim all the memory associated with an object in a synchronous
# way. If the key deleted is associated with a small object, the time needed
# in order to execute the DEL command is very small and comparable to most other
# O(1) or O(log_N) commands in Redis. However if the key is associated with an
# aggregated value containing millions of elements, the server can block for
# a long time (even seconds) in order to complete the operation.
#
# For the above reasons Redis also offers non blocking deletion primitives
# such as UNLINK (non blocking DEL) and the ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and
# FLUSHDB commands, in order to reclaim memory in background. Those commands
# are executed in constant time. Another thread will incrementally free the
# object in the background as fast as possible.
#
# DEL, UNLINK and ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and FLUSHDB are user-controlled.
# It's up to the design of the application to understand when it is a good
# idea to use one or the other. However the Redis server sometimes has to
# delete keys or flush the whole database as a side effect of other operations.
# Specifically Redis deletes objects independently of a user call in the
# following scenarios:
#
# 1) On eviction, because of the maxmemory and maxmemory policy configurations,
#    in order to make room for new data, without going over the specified
#    memory limit.
# 2) Because of expire: when a key with an associated time to live (see the
#    EXPIRE command) must be deleted from memory.
# 3) Because of a side effect of a command that stores data on a key that may
#    already exist. For example the RENAME command may delete the old key
#    content when it is replaced with another one. Similarly SUNIONSTORE
#    or SORT with STORE option may delete existing keys. The SET command
#    itself removes any old content of the specified key in order to replace
#    it with the specified string.
# 4) During replication, when a replica performs a full resynchronization with
#    its master, the content of the whole database is removed in order to
#    load the RDB file just transferred.
#
# In all the above cases the default is to delete objects in a blocking way,
# like if DEL was called. However you can configure each case specifically
# in order to instead release memory in a non-blocking way like if UNLINK
# was called, using the following configuration directives.

lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
lazyfree-lazy-expire no
lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
replica-lazy-flush no

# It is also possible, for the case when to replace the user code DEL calls
# with UNLINK calls is not easy, to modify the default behavior of the DEL
# command to act exactly like UNLINK, using the following configuration
# directive:

lazyfree-lazy-user-del no

# FLUSHDB, FLUSHALL, SCRIPT FLUSH and FUNCTION FLUSH support both asynchronous and synchronous
# deletion, which can be controlled by passing the [SYNC|ASYNC] flags into the
# commands. When neither flag is passed, this directive will be used to determine
# if the data should be deleted asynchronously.

lazyfree-lazy-user-flush no

################################ THREADED I/O #################################

# Redis is mostly single threaded, however there are certain threaded
# operations such as UNLINK, slow I/O accesses and other things that are
# performed on side threads.
#
# Now it is also possible to handle Redis clients socket reads and writes
# in different I/O threads. Since especially writing is so slow, normally
# Redis users use pipelining in order to speed up the Redis performances per
# core, and spawn multiple instances in order to scale more. Using I/O
# threads it is possible to easily speedup two times Redis without resorting
# to pipelining nor sharding of the instance.
#
# By default threading is disabled, we suggest enabling it only in machines
# that have at least 4 or more cores, leaving at least one spare core.
# Using more than 8 threads is unlikely to help much. We also recommend using
# threaded I/O only if you actually have performance problems, with Redis
# instances being able to use a quite big percentage of CPU time, otherwise
# there is no point in using this feature.
#
# So for instance if you have a four cores boxes, try to use 2 or 3 I/O
# threads, if you have a 8 cores, try to use 6 threads. In order to
# enable I/O threads use the following configuration directive:
#
# io-threads 4
#
# Setting io-threads to 1 will just use the main thread as usual.
# When I/O threads are enabled, we only use threads for writes, that is
# to thread the write(2) syscall and transfer the client buffers to the
# socket. However it is also possible to enable threading of reads and
# protocol parsing using the following configuration directive, by setting
# it to yes:
#
# io-threads-do-reads no
#
# Usually threading reads doesn't help much.
#
# NOTE 1: This configuration directive cannot be changed at runtime via
# CONFIG SET. Also, this feature currently does not work when SSL is
# enabled.
#
# NOTE 2: If you want to test the Redis speedup using redis-benchmark, make
# sure you also run the benchmark itself in threaded mode, using the
# --threads option to match the number of Redis threads, otherwise you'll not
# be able to notice the improvements.

############################ KERNEL OOM CONTROL ##############################

# On Linux, it is possible to hint the kernel OOM killer on what processes
# should be killed first when out of memory.
#
# Enabling this feature makes Redis actively control the oom_score_adj value
# for all its processes, depending on their role. The default scores will
# attempt to have background child processes killed before all others, and
# replicas killed before masters.
#
# Redis supports these options:
#
# no:       Don't make changes to oom-score-adj (default).
# yes:      Alias to "relative" see below.
# absolute: Values in oom-score-adj-values are written as is to the kernel.
# relative: Values are used relative to the initial value of oom_score_adj when
#           the server starts and are then clamped to a range of -1000 to 1000.
#           Because typically the initial value is 0, they will often match the
#           absolute values.
oom-score-adj no

# When oom-score-adj is used, this directive controls the specific values used
# for master, replica and background child processes. Values range -2000 to
# 2000 (higher means more likely to be killed).
#
# Unprivileged processes (not root, and without CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capabilities)
# can freely increase their value, but not decrease it below its initial
# settings. This means that setting oom-score-adj to "relative" and setting the
# oom-score-adj-values to positive values will always succeed.
oom-score-adj-values 0 200 800


#################### KERNEL transparent hugepage CONTROL ######################

# Usually the kernel Transparent Huge Pages control is set to "madvise" or
# or "never" by default (/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled), in which
# case this config has no effect. On systems in which it is set to "always",
# redis will attempt to disable it specifically for the redis process in order
# to avoid latency problems specifically with fork(2) and CoW.
# If for some reason you prefer to keep it enabled, you can set this config to
# "no" and the kernel global to "always".

disable-thp yes

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check https://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.

appendonly no

# The base name of the append only file.
#
# Redis 7 and newer use a set of append-only files to persist the dataset
# and changes applied to it. There are two basic types of files in use:
#
# - Base files, which are a snapshot representing the complete state of the
#   dataset at the time the file was created. Base files can be either in
#   the form of RDB (binary serialized) or AOF (textual commands).
# - Incremental files, which contain additional commands that were applied
#   to the dataset following the previous file.
#
# In addition, manifest files are used to track the files and the order in
# which they were created and should be applied.
#
# Append-only file names are created by Redis following a specific pattern.
# The file name's prefix is based on the 'appendfilename' configuration
# parameter, followed by additional information about the sequence and type.
#
# For example, if appendfilename is set to appendonly.aof, the following file
# names could be derived:
#
# - appendonly.aof.1.base.rdb as a base file.
# - appendonly.aof.1.incr.aof, appendonly.aof.2.incr.aof as incremental files.
# - appendonly.aof.manifest as a manifest file.

appendfilename "appendonly.aof"

# For convenience, Redis stores all persistent append-only files in a dedicated
# directory. The name of the directory is determined by the appenddirname
# configuration parameter.

appenddirname "appendonlydir"

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use "everysec".

# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync no". In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
#
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.

no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb

# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
# This may happen when the system where Redis is running
# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
# data=ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself
# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
#
# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
#
# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
# to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart
# the server.
#
# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
# will be found.
aof-load-truncated yes

# Redis can create append-only base files in either RDB or AOF formats. Using
# the RDB format is always faster and more efficient, and disabling it is only
# supported for backward compatibility purposes.
aof-use-rdb-preamble yes

# Redis supports recording timestamp annotations in the AOF to support restoring
# the data from a specific point-in-time. However, using this capability changes
# the AOF format in a way that may not be compatible with existing AOF parsers.
aof-timestamp-enabled no

################################ SHUTDOWN #####################################

# Maximum time to wait for replicas when shutting down, in seconds.
#
# During shut down, a grace period allows any lagging replicas to catch up with
# the latest replication offset before the master exists. This period can
# prevent data loss, especially for deployments without configured disk backups.
#
# The 'shutdown-timeout' value is the grace period's duration in seconds. It is
# only applicable when the instance has replicas. To disable the feature, set
# the value to 0.
#
# shutdown-timeout 10

# When Redis receives a SIGINT or SIGTERM, shutdown is initiated and by default
# an RDB snapshot is written to disk in a blocking operation if save points are configured.
# The options used on signaled shutdown can include the following values:
# default:  Saves RDB snapshot only if save points are configured.
#           Waits for lagging replicas to catch up.
# save:     Forces a DB saving operation even if no save points are configured.
# nosave:   Prevents DB saving operation even if one or more save points are configured.
# now:      Skips waiting for lagging replicas.
# force:    Ignores any errors that would normally prevent the server from exiting.
#
# Any combination of values is allowed as long as "save" and "nosave" are not set simultaneously.
# Example: "nosave force now"
#
# shutdown-on-sigint default
# shutdown-on-sigterm default

################ NON-DETERMINISTIC LONG BLOCKING COMMANDS #####################

# Maximum time in milliseconds for EVAL scripts, functions and in some cases
# modules' commands before Redis can start processing or rejecting other clients.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will start to reply to most
# commands with a BUSY error.
#
# In this state Redis will only allow a handful of commands to be executed.
# For instance, SCRIPT KILL, FUNCTION KILL, SHUTDOWN NOSAVE and possibly some
# module specific 'allow-busy' commands.
#
# SCRIPT KILL and FUNCTION KILL will only be able to stop a script that did not
# yet call any write commands, so SHUTDOWN NOSAVE may be the only way to stop
# the server in the case a write command was already issued by the script when
# the user doesn't want to wait for the natural termination of the script.
#
# The default is 5 seconds. It is possible to set it to 0 or a negative value
# to disable this mechanism (uninterrupted execution). Note that in the past
# this config had a different name, which is now an alias, so both of these do
# the same:
# lua-time-limit 5000
# busy-reply-threshold 5000

################################ REDIS CLUSTER  ###############################

# Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are
# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
#
# cluster-enabled yes

# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
# Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have
# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf

# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable
# for it to be considered in failure state.
# Most other internal time limits are a multiple of the node timeout.
#
# cluster-node-timeout 15000

# The cluster port is the port that the cluster bus will listen for inbound connections on. When set 
# to the default value, 0, it will be bound to the command port + 10000. Setting this value requires 
# you to specify the cluster bus port when executing cluster meet.
# cluster-port 0

# A replica of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
# looks too old.
#
# There is no simple way for a replica to actually have an exact measure of
# its "data age", so the following two checks are performed:
#
# 1) If there are multiple replicas able to failover, they exchange messages
#    in order to try to give an advantage to the replica with the best
#    replication offset (more data from the master processed).
#    Replicas will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
#    of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
#
# 2) Every single replica computes the time of the last interaction with
#    its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
#    is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the
#    disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
#    If the last interaction is too old, the replica will not try to failover
#    at all.
#
# The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a replica will not perform
# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
# elapsed is greater than:
#
#   (node-timeout * cluster-replica-validity-factor) + repl-ping-replica-period
#
# So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-replica-period of 10 seconds, the
# replica will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
# for longer than 310 seconds.
#
# A large cluster-replica-validity-factor may allow replicas with too old data to failover
# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
# elect a replica at all.
#
# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# to a value of 0, which means, that replicas will always try to failover the
# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
# (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
# offset rank).
#
# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
# the cluster will always be able to continue.
#
# cluster-replica-validity-factor 10

# Cluster replicas are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
# that are left without working replicas. This improves the cluster ability
# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over
# in case of failure if it has no working replicas.
#
# Replicas migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
# given number of other working replicas for their old master. This number
# is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a replica
# will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working replica for its master
# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of replicas you want for every
# master in your cluster.
#
# Default is 1 (replicas migrate only if their masters remain with at least
# one replica). To disable migration just set it to a very large value or
# set cluster-allow-replica-migration to 'no'.
# A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
# in production.
#
# cluster-migration-barrier 1

# Turning off this option allows to use less automatic cluster configuration.
# It both disables migration to orphaned masters and migration from masters
# that became empty.
#
# Default is 'yes' (allow automatic migrations).
#
# cluster-allow-replica-migration yes

# By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there
# is at least a hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it).
# This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots
# are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable.
# It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again.
#
# However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working,
# to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still
# covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage
# option to no.
#
# cluster-require-full-coverage yes

# This option, when set to yes, prevents replicas from trying to failover its
# master during master failures. However the replica can still perform a
# manual failover, if forced to do so.
#
# This is useful in different scenarios, especially in the case of multiple
# data center operations, where we want one side to never be promoted if not
# in the case of a total DC failure.
#
# cluster-replica-no-failover no

# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve read traffic while the
# cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
#
# This is useful for two cases.  The first case is for when an application
# doesn't require consistency of data during node failures or network partitions.
# One example of this is a cache, where as long as the node has the data it
# should be able to serve it.
#
# The second use case is for configurations that don't meet the recommended
# three shards but want to enable cluster mode and scale later. A
# master outage in a 1 or 2 shard configuration causes a read/write outage to the
# entire cluster without this option set, with it set there is only a write outage.
# Without a quorum of masters, slot ownership will not change automatically.
#
# cluster-allow-reads-when-down no

# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve pubsub shard traffic while
# the cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
#
# This is useful if the application would like to use the pubsub feature even when
# the cluster global stable state is not OK. If the application wants to make sure only
# one shard is serving a given channel, this feature should be kept as yes.
#
# cluster-allow-pubsubshard-when-down yes

# Cluster link send buffer limit is the limit on the memory usage of an individual
# cluster bus link's send buffer in bytes. Cluster links would be freed if they exceed
# this limit. This is to primarily prevent send buffers from growing unbounded on links
# toward slow peers (E.g. PubSub messages being piled up).
# This limit is disabled by default. Enable this limit when 'mem_cluster_links' INFO field
# and/or 'send-buffer-allocated' entries in the 'CLUSTER LINKS` command output continuously increase.
# Minimum limit of 1gb is recommended so that cluster link buffer can fit in at least a single
# PubSub message by default. (client-query-buffer-limit default value is 1gb)
#
# cluster-link-sendbuf-limit 0
 
# Clusters can configure their announced hostname using this config. This is a common use case for 
# applications that need to use TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) or dealing with DNS based
# routing. By default this value is only shown as additional metadata in the CLUSTER SLOTS
# command, but can be changed using 'cluster-preferred-endpoint-type' config. This value is 
# communicated along the clusterbus to all nodes, setting it to an empty string will remove 
# the hostname and also propagate the removal.
#
# cluster-announce-hostname ""

# Clusters can advertise how clients should connect to them using either their IP address,
# a user defined hostname, or by declaring they have no endpoint. Which endpoint is
# shown as the preferred endpoint is set by using the cluster-preferred-endpoint-type
# config with values 'ip', 'hostname', or 'unknown-endpoint'. This value controls how
# the endpoint returned for MOVED/ASKING requests as well as the first field of CLUSTER SLOTS. 
# If the preferred endpoint type is set to hostname, but no announced hostname is set, a '?' 
# will be returned instead.
#
# When a cluster advertises itself as having an unknown endpoint, it's indicating that
# the server doesn't know how clients can reach the cluster. This can happen in certain 
# networking situations where there are multiple possible routes to the node, and the 
# server doesn't know which one the client took. In this case, the server is expecting
# the client to reach out on the same endpoint it used for making the last request, but use
# the port provided in the response.
#
# cluster-preferred-endpoint-type ip

# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
# available at https://redis.io web site.

########################## CLUSTER DOCKER/NAT support  ########################

# In certain deployments, Redis Cluster nodes address discovery fails, because
# addresses are NAT-ted or because ports are forwarded (the typical case is
# Docker and other containers).
#
# In order to make Redis Cluster working in such environments, a static
# configuration where each node knows its public address is needed. The
# following four options are used for this scope, and are:
#
# * cluster-announce-ip
# * cluster-announce-port
# * cluster-announce-tls-port
# * cluster-announce-bus-port
#
# Each instructs the node about its address, client ports (for connections
# without and with TLS) and cluster message bus port. The information is then
# published in the header of the bus packets so that other nodes will be able to
# correctly map the address of the node publishing the information.
#
# If cluster-tls is set to yes and cluster-announce-tls-port is omitted or set
# to zero, then cluster-announce-port refers to the TLS port. Note also that
# cluster-announce-tls-port has no effect if cluster-tls is set to no.
#
# If the above options are not used, the normal Redis Cluster auto-detection
# will be used instead.
#
# Note that when remapped, the bus port may not be at the fixed offset of
# clients port + 10000, so you can specify any port and bus-port depending
# on how they get remapped. If the bus-port is not set, a fixed offset of
# 10000 will be used as usual.
#
# Example:
#
# cluster-announce-ip 10.1.1.5
# cluster-announce-tls-port 6379
# cluster-announce-port 0
# cluster-announce-bus-port 6380

################################## SLOW LOG ###################################

# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
#
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.

# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000

# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
slowlog-max-len 128

################################ LATENCY MONITOR ##############################

# The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations
# at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of
# latency of a Redis instance.
#
# Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can
# print graphs and obtain reports.
#
# The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or
# greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the
# latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set
# to zero, the latency monitor is turned off.
#
# By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed
# if you don't have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance
# impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency
# monitoring can easily be enabled at runtime using the command
# "CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold <milliseconds>" if needed.
latency-monitor-threshold 0

################################ LATENCY TRACKING ##############################

# The Redis extended latency monitoring tracks the per command latencies and enables
# exporting the percentile distribution via the INFO latencystats command,
# and cumulative latency distributions (histograms) via the LATENCY command.
#
# By default, the extended latency monitoring is enabled since the overhead
# of keeping track of the command latency is very small.
# latency-tracking yes

# By default the exported latency percentiles via the INFO latencystats command
# are the p50, p99, and p999.
# latency-tracking-info-percentiles 50 99 99.9

############################# EVENT NOTIFICATION ##############################

# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
# This feature is documented at https://redis.io/topics/notifications
#
# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
# performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database 0, two
# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
#
# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
#
# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
#
#  K     Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
#  E     Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
#  g     Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ...
#  $     String commands
#  l     List commands
#  s     Set commands
#  h     Hash commands
#  z     Sorted set commands
#  x     Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
#  e     Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
#  n     New key events (Note: not included in the 'A' class)
#  t     Stream commands
#  d     Module key type events
#  m     Key-miss events (Note: It is not included in the 'A' class)
#  A     Alias for g$lshzxetd, so that the "AKE" string means all the events
#        (Except key-miss events which are excluded from 'A' due to their
#         unique nature).
#
#  The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed
#  of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
#  are disabled.
#
#  Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
#           event name, use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Elg
#
#  Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
#             name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Ex
#
#  By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need
#  this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't
#  specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
notify-keyspace-events ""

############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
hash-max-listpack-entries 512
hash-max-listpack-value 64

# Lists are also encoded in a special way to save a lot of space.
# The number of entries allowed per internal list node can be specified
# as a fixed maximum size or a maximum number of elements.
# For a fixed maximum size, use -5 through -1, meaning:
# -5: max size: 64 Kb  <-- not recommended for normal workloads
# -4: max size: 32 Kb  <-- not recommended
# -3: max size: 16 Kb  <-- probably not recommended
# -2: max size: 8 Kb   <-- good
# -1: max size: 4 Kb   <-- good
# Positive numbers mean store up to _exactly_ that number of elements
# per list node.
# The highest performing option is usually -2 (8 Kb size) or -1 (4 Kb size),
# but if your use case is unique, adjust the settings as necessary.
list-max-listpack-size -2

# Lists may also be compressed.
# Compress depth is the number of quicklist ziplist nodes from *each* side of
# the list to *exclude* from compression.  The head and tail of the list
# are always uncompressed for fast push/pop operations.  Settings are:
# 0: disable all list compression
# 1: depth 1 means "don't start compressing until after 1 node into the list,
#    going from either the head or tail"
#    So: [head]->node->node->...->node->[tail]
#    [head], [tail] will always be uncompressed; inner nodes will compress.
# 2: [head]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[tail]
#    2 here means: don't compress head or head->next or tail->prev or tail,
#    but compress all nodes between them.
# 3: [head]->[next]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[prev]->[tail]
# etc.
list-compress-depth 0

# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happen to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512

# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-listpack-entries 128
zset-max-listpack-value 64

# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
# 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
#
# A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
# dense representation is more memory efficient.
#
# The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
# ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 - 15000 range.
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000

# Streams macro node max size / items. The stream data structure is a radix
# tree of big nodes that encode multiple items inside. Using this configuration
# it is possible to configure how big a single node can be in bytes, and the
# maximum number of items it may contain before switching to a new node when
# appending new stream entries. If any of the following settings are set to
# zero, the limit is ignored, so for instance it is possible to set just a
# max entries limit by setting max-bytes to 0 and max-entries to the desired
# value.
stream-node-max-bytes 4096
stream-node-max-entries 100

# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
# that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
#
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but
# want to free memory asap when possible.
activerehashing yes

# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the
# publisher can produce them).
#
# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
#
# normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients
# replica -> replica clients
# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
#
# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
#
# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
# seconds (continuously).
# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
# the limit for 10 seconds.
#
# By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data
# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
# than it can read.
#
# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and replica clients, since
# subscribers and replicas receive data in a push fashion.
#
# Note that it doesn't make sense to set the replica clients output buffer
# limit lower than the repl-backlog-size config (partial sync will succeed
# and then replica will get disconnected).
# Such a configuration is ignored (the size of repl-backlog-size will be used).
# This doesn't have memory consumption implications since the replica client
# will share the backlog buffers memory.
#
# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60

# Client query buffers accumulate new commands. They are limited to a fixed
# amount by default in order to avoid that a protocol desynchronization (for
# instance due to a bug in the client) will lead to unbound memory usage in
# the query buffer. However you can configure it here if you have very special
# needs, such us huge multi/exec requests or alike.
#
# client-query-buffer-limit 1gb

# In some scenarios client connections can hog up memory leading to OOM
# errors or data eviction. To avoid this we can cap the accumulated memory
# used by all client connections (all pubsub and normal clients). Once we
# reach that limit connections will be dropped by the server freeing up
# memory. The server will attempt to drop the connections using the most 
# memory first. We call this mechanism "client eviction".
#
# Client eviction is configured using the maxmemory-clients setting as follows:
# 0 - client eviction is disabled (default)
#
# A memory value can be used for the client eviction threshold,
# for example:
# maxmemory-clients 1g
#
# A percentage value (between 1% and 100%) means the client eviction threshold
# is based on a percentage of the maxmemory setting. For example to set client
# eviction at 5% of maxmemory:
# maxmemory-clients 5%

# In the Redis protocol, bulk requests, that are, elements representing single
# strings, are normally limited to 512 mb. However you can change this limit
# here, but must be 1mb or greater
#
# proto-max-bulk-len 512mb

# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are
# never requested, and so forth.
#
# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
# tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value.
#
# By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
# handled with more precision.
#
# The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not
# a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to
# 100 only in environments where very low latency is required.
hz 10

# Normally it is useful to have an HZ value which is proportional to the
# number of clients connected. This is useful in order, for instance, to
# avoid too many clients are processed for each background task invocation
# in order to avoid latency spikes.
#
# Since the default HZ value by default is conservatively set to 10, Redis
# offers, and enables by default, the ability to use an adaptive HZ value
# which will temporarily raise when there are many connected clients.
#
# When dynamic HZ is enabled, the actual configured HZ will be used
# as a baseline, but multiples of the configured HZ value will be actually
# used as needed once more clients are connected. In this way an idle
# instance will use very little CPU time while a busy instance will be
# more responsive.
dynamic-hz yes

# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 4 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes

# When redis saves RDB file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 4 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
rdb-save-incremental-fsync yes

# Redis LFU eviction (see maxmemory setting) can be tuned. However it is a good
# idea to start with the default settings and only change them after investigating
# how to improve the performances and how the keys LFU change over time, which
# is possible to inspect via the OBJECT FREQ command.
#
# There are two tunable parameters in the Redis LFU implementation: the
# counter logarithm factor and the counter decay time. It is important to
# understand what the two parameters mean before changing them.
#
# The LFU counter is just 8 bits per key, it's maximum value is 255, so Redis
# uses a probabilistic increment with logarithmic behavior. Given the value
# of the old counter, when a key is accessed, the counter is incremented in
# this way:
#
# 1. A random number R between 0 and 1 is extracted.
# 2. A probability P is calculated as 1/(old_value*lfu_log_factor+1).
# 3. The counter is incremented only if R < P.
#
# The default lfu-log-factor is 10. This is a table of how the frequency
# counter changes with a different number of accesses with different
# logarithmic factors:
#
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | factor | 100 hits   | 1000 hits  | 100K hits  | 1M hits    | 10M hits   |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 0      | 104        | 255        | 255        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 1      | 18         | 49         | 255        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 10     | 10         | 18         | 142        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 100    | 8          | 11         | 49         | 143        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
#
# NOTE: The above table was obtained by running the following commands:
#
#   redis-benchmark -n 1000000 incr foo
#   redis-cli object freq foo
#
# NOTE 2: The counter initial value is 5 in order to give new objects a chance
# to accumulate hits.
#
# The counter decay time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse in order
# for the key counter to be divided by two (or decremented if it has a value
# less <= 10).
#
# The default value for the lfu-decay-time is 1. A special value of 0 means to
# decay the counter every time it happens to be scanned.
#
# lfu-log-factor 10
# lfu-decay-time 1

########################### ACTIVE DEFRAGMENTATION #######################
#
# What is active defragmentation?
# -------------------------------
#
# Active (online) defragmentation allows a Redis server to compact the
# spaces left between small allocations and deallocations of data in memory,
# thus allowing to reclaim back memory.
#
# Fragmentation is a natural process that happens with every allocator (but
# less so with Jemalloc, fortunately) and certain workloads. Normally a server
# restart is needed in order to lower the fragmentation, or at least to flush
# away all the data and create it again. However thanks to this feature
# implemented by Oran Agra for Redis 4.0 this process can happen at runtime
# in a "hot" way, while the server is running.
#
# Basically when the fragmentation is over a certain level (see the
# configuration options below) Redis will start to create new copies of the
# values in contiguous memory regions by exploiting certain specific Jemalloc
# features (in order to understand if an allocation is causing fragmentation
# and to allocate it in a better place), and at the same time, will release the
# old copies of the data. This process, repeated incrementally for all the keys
# will cause the fragmentation to drop back to normal values.
#
# Important things to understand:
#
# 1. This feature is disabled by default, and only works if you compiled Redis
#    to use the copy of Jemalloc we ship with the source code of Redis.
#    This is the default with Linux builds.
#
# 2. You never need to enable this feature if you don't have fragmentation
#    issues.
#
# 3. Once you experience fragmentation, you can enable this feature when
#    needed with the command "CONFIG SET activedefrag yes".
#
# The configuration parameters are able to fine tune the behavior of the
# defragmentation process. If you are not sure about what they mean it is
# a good idea to leave the defaults untouched.

# Active defragmentation is disabled by default
# activedefrag no

# Minimum amount of fragmentation waste to start active defrag
# active-defrag-ignore-bytes 100mb

# Minimum percentage of fragmentation to start active defrag
# active-defrag-threshold-lower 10

# Maximum percentage of fragmentation at which we use maximum effort
# active-defrag-threshold-upper 100

# Minimal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the lower
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-min 1

# Maximal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the upper
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-max 25

# Maximum number of set/hash/zset/list fields that will be processed from
# the main dictionary scan
# active-defrag-max-scan-fields 1000

# Jemalloc background thread for purging will be enabled by default
jemalloc-bg-thread yes

# It is possible to pin different threads and processes of Redis to specific
# CPUs in your system, in order to maximize the performances of the server.
# This is useful both in order to pin different Redis threads in different
# CPUs, but also in order to make sure that multiple Redis instances running
# in the same host will be pinned to different CPUs.
#
# Normally you can do this using the "taskset" command, however it is also
# possible to this via Redis configuration directly, both in Linux and FreeBSD.
#
# You can pin the server/IO threads, bio threads, aof rewrite child process, and
# the bgsave child process. The syntax to specify the cpu list is the same as
# the taskset command:
#
# Set redis server/io threads to cpu affinity 0,2,4,6:
# server_cpulist 0-7:2
#
# Set bio threads to cpu affinity 1,3:
# bio_cpulist 1,3
#
# Set aof rewrite child process to cpu affinity 8,9,10,11:
# aof_rewrite_cpulist 8-11
#
# Set bgsave child process to cpu affinity 1,10,11
# bgsave_cpulist 1,10-11

# In some cases redis will emit warnings and even refuse to start if it detects
# that the system is in bad state, it is possible to suppress these warnings
# by setting the following config which takes a space delimited list of warnings
# to suppress
#
# ignore-warnings ARM64-COW-BUG

主从复制之 一主二仆的效果

前提：一主 （001）二从 （002 ，003）

如果一台 从服务器挂掉（002） 之后，主 001 info replication 后 则只会显示为只有一个从机（003）

主服务器进行操作，进行写操作

启动挂掉的从服务器 002 ，则 从服务器 002 会变成 自己的主服务器 （info replication） ，不会成为 原来的主服务器 001 的从服务器,即解绑了

将002 服务器链接 到001 成为从服务器 （salaveof ip port）

002会同步地将001 全部数据 复制过来

主服务001 挂掉了

两个从服务器 002 ，003 现在还是 为001的 从服务器

主服务器001 重启了 001依然 为002 003 的主服务器

两个从服务器 002 003 还是为 001 的从服务器

主从复制之薪火相传的效果 （主->从-从 ）

主从上一个Slave可以是下一个slave的Master，Slave同样可以接收其他 slaves的连接和同步请求，那么该slave作为了链条中下一个的master, 可以有效减轻master的写压力,去中心化降低风险。

用 slaveof ip port

中途变更转向:会清除之前的数据，重新建立拷贝最新的

风险是一旦某个slave宕机，后面的slave都没法备份

主机挂了，从机还是从机，无法写数据了复制之反客为主

主从复制之反客为主效果 手动 （手动主动解绑）

当一个master宕机后，后面的slave可以立刻升为master，其后面的slave不用做任何修改。

用 slaveof no one 将从机变为主机。

主从复制原理

• Slave启动成功连接到master后会发送一个sync命令

• Master接到命令启动后台的存盘进程，同时收集所有接收到的用于修改数据集命令， 在后台进程执行完毕之后，master将传送整个数据文件到slave,以完成一次完全同步

• 全量复制：而slave服务在接收到数据库文件数据后，将其存盘并加载到内存中。 （重新连接之后第一次总是会执行）

• 增量复制：Master继续将新的所有收集到的修改命令依次传给slave,完成同步

• 但是只要是重新连接master,一次完全同步（全量复制)将被自动执行

总结

主服务器 主动过程：全量复制和增量复制

从服务器 主动过程：连接上主服务器后向主服务器发送sync命令

哨兵模式(sentinel) 主动版 的反客为主

反客为主的自动版，能够后台监控主机是否故障，如果故障了根据投票数自动将从库转换为主库

#需要开放 sentinal.conf
port 26379 
# 写明的端口号
[root@node1 redis-7.0.4]# pwd
/data/soft/redis/redis-7.0.4

# 将sentinel设为后台运行
sentinel.conf
daemonize yes

# 重要配置

sentinel monitor mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 2
sentinel monitor [哨兵模式的别名]  初始时是哪一台为主服务器   2 ：至少有2个烧饼同意迁移的数量 即同意不再成为主机，防止有些服务器乱投票，网络故障等原因

#启动哨兵
/usr/local/bin/redis-sentinel /data/soft/redis/redis-7.0.4/sentinel.conf
# 当主机挂掉后

会从其他服务器 002 挑一个出来当皇帝，003的主服务器变成了002 ，而不再是001
当主机重启后，不会成为皇帝，还是为002de大臣   003的还是为002的大臣

经典配置：三注三从三哨兵

复制延时

由于所有的写操作都是先在Master上操作，然后同步更新到Slave上，所以从Master同步到Slave机器有一定的延迟，当系统很繁忙的时候，延迟问题会更加严重，Slave机器数量的增加也会使这个问题更加严重。

故障恢复之选择哪个成为主节点

• 选择优先级靠前的

  redis.conf
  replica-priority 100
  
  

• 选择偏移量最大的（子节点的数据量跟主节点的数量最多的那个子节点）

• 选择runid最小的服务

  每个redis实例启动后都会随机生成一个40位的runid

代码

private static JedisSentinelPool jedisSentinelPool=null;

public static  Jedis getJedisFromSentinel(){
if(jedisSentinelPool==null){
            Set<String> sentinelSet=new HashSet<>();
            sentinelSet.add("192.168.11.103:26379");

            JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig =new JedisPoolConfig();
            jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(10); //最大可用连接数
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(5); //最大闲置连接数
jedisPoolConfig.setMinIdle(5); //最小闲置连接数
jedisPoolConfig.setBlockWhenExhausted(true); //连接耗尽是否等待
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(2000); //等待时间
jedisPoolConfig.setTestOnBorrow(true); //取连接的时候进行一下测试 ping pong

jedisSentinelPool=new JedisSentinelPool("mymaster",sentinelSet,jedisPoolConfig);
return jedisSentinelPool.getResource();
        }else{
return jedisSentinelPool.getResource();
        }
}

Redis集群

❓Redis容量如何进行扩容？

❓Redis如何分摊并发写操作

提出了无中心化集群配置

什么是集群

Redis 集群实现了对Redis的水平扩容，即启动N个redis节点，将整个数据库分布存储在这N个节点中，每个节点存储总数据的1/N。

Redis 集群通过分区（partition）来提供一定程度的可用性（availability）： 即使集群中有一部分节点失效或者无法进行通讯， 集群也可以继续处理命令请求。

搭建

1.# 删除之前的持久化数据   将rdb,aof文件都删除掉。
2.# 6379 6380 6381 （以上3台位主机） 6389 6390 6391 (以上三台是从机) 6台机器
3.#  cd /data/soft/redis/redis-7.0.4/
4.# 添加以下配置，并重启
 /usr/local/bin/redis-server  ./redis6379.conf 
 /usr/local/bin/redis-server  ./redis6380.conf 
 /usr/local/bin/redis-server  ./redis6381.conf 
 /usr/local/bin/redis-server  ./redis6389.conf 
 /usr/local/bin/redis-server  ./redis6390.conf 
 /usr/local/bin/redis-server  ./redis6391.conf 
 确保启动成功
 

include ./redis.conf
pidfile ./redis6379.pid
port 6379
dbfilename dump6379.rdb

logfile "./redis_err_6379.log"
# 开启集群
cluster-enabled yes 
# 设置当前集群配置文件
cluster-config-file ./nodes-6379.conf 
cluster-node-timeout 15000

include ./redis.conf
pidfile ./redis6380.pid
port 6380
dbfilename dump6380.rdb

logfile "./redis_err_6380.log"
# 开启集群
cluster-enabled yes 
# 设置当前集群配置文件 启动服务时生成
cluster-config-file ./nodes-6380.conf 
cluster-node-timeout 15000

include ./redis.conf
pidfile ./redis6381.pid
port 6381
dbfilename dump6381.rdb

logfile "./redis_err_6381.log"
# 开启集群
cluster-enabled yes 
# 设置当前集群配置文件
cluster-config-file ./nodes-6381.conf 
cluster-node-timeout 15000

include ./redis.conf
pidfile ./redis6389.pid
port 6389
dbfilename dump6389.rdb

logfile "./redis_err_6389.log"
cluster-enabled yes 
cluster-config-file ./nodes-6389.conf 
cluster-node-timeout 15000

include ./redis.conf
pidfile ./redis6390.pid
port 6390
dbfilename dump6390.rdb

logfile "./redis_err_6390.log"
cluster-enabled yes 
cluster-config-file ./nodes-6390.conf
cluster-node-timeout 15000

include ./redis.conf
pidfile ./redis6391.pid
port 6391
dbfilename dump6391.rdb

logfile "./redis_err_6391.log"
cluster-enabled yes 
cluster-config-file ./nodes-6391.conf 
cluster-node-timeout 15000

# Redis configuration file example.
#
# Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be
# started with the file path as first argument:
#
# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.

################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# Include one or more other config files here.  This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings.  Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# Note that option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"
# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes
# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
#
# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
# options, it is better to use include as the last line.
#
# Included paths may contain wildcards. All files matching the wildcards will
# be included in alphabetical order.
# Note that if an include path contains a wildcards but no files match it when
# the server is started, the include statement will be ignored and no error will
# be emitted.  It is safe, therefore, to include wildcard files from empty
# directories.
#
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf
# include /path/to/fragments/*.conf
#

################################## MODULES #####################################

# Load modules at startup. If the server is not able to load modules
# it will abort. It is possible to use multiple loadmodule directives.
#
# loadmodule /path/to/my_module.so
# loadmodule /path/to/other_module.so

################################## NETWORK #####################################

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all available network interfaces on the host machine.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
# Each address can be prefixed by "-", which means that redis will not fail to
# start if the address is not available. Being not available only refers to
# addresses that does not correspond to any network interface. Addresses that
# are already in use will always fail, and unsupported protocols will always BE
# silently skipped.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1     # listens on two specific IPv4 addresses
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1              # listens on loopback IPv4 and IPv6
# bind * -::*                     # like the default, all available interfaces
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only on the
# IPv4 and IPv6 (if available) loopback interface addresses (this means Redis
# will only be able to accept client connections from the same host that it is
# running on).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# COMMENT OUT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
#
# You will also need to set a password unless you explicitly disable protected
# mode.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
# bind 127.0.0.1 -::1

# By default, outgoing connections (from replica to master, from Sentinel to
# instances, cluster bus, etc.) are not bound to a specific local address. In
# most cases, this means the operating system will handle that based on routing
# and the interface through which the connection goes out.
#
# Using bind-source-addr it is possible to configure a specific address to bind
# to, which may also affect how the connection gets routed.
#
# Example:
#
# bind-source-addr 10.0.0.1

# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and the default user has no password, the server
# only accepts local connections from the IPv4 address (127.0.0.1), IPv6 address
# (::1) or Unix domain sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured.
protected-mode no

# Redis uses default hardened security configuration directives to reduce the
# attack surface on innocent users. Therefore, several sensitive configuration
# directives are immutable, and some potentially-dangerous commands are blocked.
#
# Configuration directives that control files that Redis writes to (e.g., 'dir'
# and 'dbfilename') and that aren't usually modified during runtime
# are protected by making them immutable.
#
# Commands that can increase the attack surface of Redis and that aren't usually
# called by users are blocked by default.
#
# These can be exposed to either all connections or just local ones by setting
# each of the configs listed below to either of these values:
#
# no    - Block for any connection (remain immutable)
# yes   - Allow for any connection (no protection)
# local - Allow only for local connections. Ones originating from the
#         IPv4 address (127.0.0.1), IPv6 address (::1) or Unix domain sockets.
#
# enable-protected-configs no
# enable-debug-command no
# enable-module-command no

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 6379

# TCP listen() backlog.
#
# In high requests-per-second environments you need a high backlog in order
# to avoid slow clients connection issues. Note that the Linux kernel
# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
# in order to get the desired effect.
tcp-backlog 511

# Unix socket.
#
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /run/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700

# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 0

# TCP keepalive.
#
# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
#
# 1) Detect dead peers.
# 2) Force network equipment in the middle to consider the connection to be
#    alive.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new
# Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1.
tcp-keepalive 300

# Apply OS-specific mechanism to mark the listening socket with the specified
# ID, to support advanced routing and filtering capabilities.
#
# On Linux, the ID represents a connection mark.
# On FreeBSD, the ID represents a socket cookie ID.
# On OpenBSD, the ID represents a route table ID.
#
# The default value is 0, which implies no marking is required.
# socket-mark-id 0

################################# TLS/SSL #####################################

# By default, TLS/SSL is disabled. To enable it, the "tls-port" configuration
# directive can be used to define TLS-listening ports. To enable TLS on the
# default port, use:
#
# port 0
# tls-port 6379

# Configure a X.509 certificate and private key to use for authenticating the
# server to connected clients, masters or cluster peers.  These files should be
# PEM formatted.
#
# tls-cert-file redis.crt
# tls-key-file redis.key
#
# If the key file is encrypted using a passphrase, it can be included here
# as well.
#
# tls-key-file-pass secret

# Normally Redis uses the same certificate for both server functions (accepting
# connections) and client functions (replicating from a master, establishing
# cluster bus connections, etc.).
#
# Sometimes certificates are issued with attributes that designate them as
# client-only or server-only certificates. In that case it may be desired to use
# different certificates for incoming (server) and outgoing (client)
# connections. To do that, use the following directives:
#
# tls-client-cert-file client.crt
# tls-client-key-file client.key
#
# If the key file is encrypted using a passphrase, it can be included here
# as well.
#
# tls-client-key-file-pass secret

# Configure a DH parameters file to enable Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange,
# required by older versions of OpenSSL (<3.0). Newer versions do not require
# this configuration and recommend against it.
#
# tls-dh-params-file redis.dh

# Configure a CA certificate(s) bundle or directory to authenticate TLS/SSL
# clients and peers.  Redis requires an explicit configuration of at least one
# of these, and will not implicitly use the system wide configuration.
#
# tls-ca-cert-file ca.crt
# tls-ca-cert-dir /etc/ssl/certs

# By default, clients (including replica servers) on a TLS port are required
# to authenticate using valid client side certificates.
#
# If "no" is specified, client certificates are not required and not accepted.
# If "optional" is specified, client certificates are accepted and must be
# valid if provided, but are not required.
#
# tls-auth-clients no
# tls-auth-clients optional

# By default, a Redis replica does not attempt to establish a TLS connection
# with its master.
#
# Use the following directive to enable TLS on replication links.
#
# tls-replication yes

# By default, the Redis Cluster bus uses a plain TCP connection. To enable
# TLS for the bus protocol, use the following directive:
#
# tls-cluster yes

# By default, only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3 are enabled and it is highly recommended
# that older formally deprecated versions are kept disabled to reduce the attack surface.
# You can explicitly specify TLS versions to support.
# Allowed values are case insensitive and include "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2",
# "TLSv1.3" (OpenSSL >= 1.1.1) or any combination.
# To enable only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3, use:
#
# tls-protocols "TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3"

# Configure allowed ciphers.  See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information
# about the syntax of this string.
#
# Note: this configuration applies only to <= TLSv1.2.
#
# tls-ciphers DEFAULT:!MEDIUM

# Configure allowed TLSv1.3 ciphersuites.  See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more
# information about the syntax of this string, and specifically for TLSv1.3
# ciphersuites.
#
# tls-ciphersuites TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

# When choosing a cipher, use the server's preference instead of the client
# preference. By default, the server follows the client's preference.
#
# tls-prefer-server-ciphers yes

# By default, TLS session caching is enabled to allow faster and less expensive
# reconnections by clients that support it. Use the following directive to disable
# caching.
#
# tls-session-caching no

# Change the default number of TLS sessions cached. A zero value sets the cache
# to unlimited size. The default size is 20480.
#
# tls-session-cache-size 5000

# Change the default timeout of cached TLS sessions. The default timeout is 300
# seconds.
#
# tls-session-cache-timeout 60

################################# GENERAL #####################################

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
# When Redis is supervised by upstart or systemd, this parameter has no impact.
daemonize yes

# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
#   supervised no      - no supervision interaction
#   supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
#                        requires "expect stop" in your upstart job config
#   supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
#                        on startup, and updating Redis status on a regular
#                        basis.
#   supervised auto    - detect upstart or systemd method based on
#                        UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
#       They do not enable continuous pings back to your supervisor.
#
# The default is "no". To run under upstart/systemd, you can simply uncomment
# the line below:
#
# supervised auto

# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
#
# Note that on modern Linux systems "/run/redis.pid" is more conforming
# and should be used instead.
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid

# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice

# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile ""

# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no

# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis

# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# syslog-facility local0

# To disable the built in crash log, which will possibly produce cleaner core
# dumps when they are needed, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-log-enabled no

# To disable the fast memory check that's run as part of the crash log, which
# will possibly let redis terminate sooner, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-memcheck-enabled no

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
databases 16

# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY and syslog logging is
# disabled. Basically this means that normally a logo is displayed only in
# interactive sessions.
#
# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
always-show-logo no

# By default, Redis modifies the process title (as seen in 'top' and 'ps') to
# provide some runtime information. It is possible to disable this and leave
# the process name as executed by setting the following to no.
set-proc-title yes

# When changing the process title, Redis uses the following template to construct
# the modified title.
#
# Template variables are specified in curly brackets. The following variables are
# supported:
#
# {title}           Name of process as executed if parent, or type of child process.
# {listen-addr}     Bind address or '*' followed by TCP or TLS port listening on, or
#                   Unix socket if only that's available.
# {server-mode}     Special mode, i.e. "[sentinel]" or "[cluster]".
# {port}            TCP port listening on, or 0.
# {tls-port}        TLS port listening on, or 0.
# {unixsocket}      Unix domain socket listening on, or "".
# {config-file}     Name of configuration file used.
#
proc-title-template "{title} {listen-addr} {server-mode}"

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################

# Save the DB to disk.
#
# save <seconds> <changes> [<seconds> <changes> ...]
#
# Redis will save the DB if the given number of seconds elapsed and it
# surpassed the given number of write operations against the DB.
#
# Snapshotting can be completely disabled with a single empty string argument
# as in following example:
#
# save ""
#
# Unless specified otherwise, by default Redis will save the DB:
#   * After 3600 seconds (an hour) if at least 1 change was performed
#   * After 300 seconds (5 minutes) if at least 100 changes were performed
#   * After 60 seconds if at least 10000 changes were performed
#
# You can set these explicitly by uncommenting the following line.
#
# save 3600 1 300 100 60 10000

# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# By default compression is enabled as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes

# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes

# Enables or disables full sanitization checks for ziplist and listpack etc when
# loading an RDB or RESTORE payload. This reduces the chances of a assertion or
# crash later on while processing commands.
# Options:
#   no         - Never perform full sanitization
#   yes        - Always perform full sanitization
#   clients    - Perform full sanitization only for user connections.
#                Excludes: RDB files, RESTORE commands received from the master
#                connection, and client connections which have the
#                skip-sanitize-payload ACL flag.
# The default should be 'clients' but since it currently affects cluster
# resharding via MIGRATE, it is temporarily set to 'no' by default.
#
# sanitize-dump-payload no

# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb

# Remove RDB files used by replication in instances without persistence
# enabled. By default this option is disabled, however there are environments
# where for regulations or other security concerns, RDB files persisted on
# disk by masters in order to feed replicas, or stored on disk by replicas
# in order to load them for the initial synchronization, should be deleted
# ASAP. Note that this option ONLY WORKS in instances that have both AOF
# and RDB persistence disabled, otherwise is completely ignored.
#
# An alternative (and sometimes better) way to obtain the same effect is
# to use diskless replication on both master and replicas instances. However
# in the case of replicas, diskless is not always an option.
rdb-del-sync-files no

# The working directory.
#
# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.
#
# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
dir ./

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Replica replication. Use replicaof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
#
#   +------------------+      +---------------+
#   |      Master      | ---> |    Replica    |
#   | (receive writes) |      |  (exact copy) |
#   +------------------+      +---------------+
#
# 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
#    stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
#    a given number of replicas.
# 2) Redis replicas are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
#    master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
#    time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
#    sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
# 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
#    network partition replicas automatically try to reconnect to masters
#    and resynchronize with them.
#
# replicaof <masterip> <masterport>

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the replica request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>
#
# However this is not enough if you are using Redis ACLs (for Redis version
# 6 or greater), and the default user is not capable of running the PSYNC
# command and/or other commands needed for replication. In this case it's
# better to configure a special user to use with replication, and specify the
# masteruser configuration as such:
#
# masteruser <username>
#
# When masteruser is specified, the replica will authenticate against its
# master using the new AUTH form: AUTH <username> <password>.

# When a replica loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the replica can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the replica will
#    still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
#    data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) If replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the replica will reply with error
#    "MASTERDOWN Link with MASTER is down and replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'no'"
#    to all data access commands, excluding commands such as:
#    INFO, REPLICAOF, AUTH, SHUTDOWN, REPLCONF, ROLE, CONFIG, SUBSCRIBE,
#    UNSUBSCRIBE, PSUBSCRIBE, PUNSUBSCRIBE, PUBLISH, PUBSUB, COMMAND, POST,
#    HOST and LATENCY.
#
replica-serve-stale-data yes

# You can configure a replica instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
# a replica instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
# written on a replica will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
# misconfiguration.
#
# Since Redis 2.6 by default replicas are read-only.
#
# Note: read only replicas are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only replica exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only replicas using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
replica-read-only yes

# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
#
# New replicas and reconnecting replicas that are not able to continue the
# replication process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a
# "full synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the
# replicas.
#
# The transmission can happen in two different ways:
#
# 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
#                 file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
#                 process to the replicas incrementally.
# 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
#              RDB file to replica sockets, without touching the disk at all.
#
# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more replicas
# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child
# producing the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead
# once the transfer starts, new replicas arriving will be queued and a new
# transfer will start when the current one terminates.
#
# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple
# replicas will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.
#
# With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication
# works better.
repl-diskless-sync yes

# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
# the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket
# to the replicas.
#
# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
# new replicas arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the
# server waits a delay in order to let more replicas arrive.
#
# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
# it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5

# When diskless replication is enabled with a delay, it is possible to let
# the replication start before the maximum delay is reached if the maximum
# number of replicas expected have connected. Default of 0 means that the
# maximum is not defined and Redis will wait the full delay.
repl-diskless-sync-max-replicas 0

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: RDB diskless load is experimental. Since in this setup the replica
# does not immediately store an RDB on disk, it may cause data loss during
# failovers. RDB diskless load + Redis modules not handling I/O reads may also
# cause Redis to abort in case of I/O errors during the initial synchronization
# stage with the master. Use only if you know what you are doing.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Replica can load the RDB it reads from the replication link directly from the
# socket, or store the RDB to a file and read that file after it was completely
# received from the master.
#
# In many cases the disk is slower than the network, and storing and loading
# the RDB file may increase replication time (and even increase the master's
# Copy on Write memory and replica buffers).
# However, parsing the RDB file directly from the socket may mean that we have
# to flush the contents of the current database before the full rdb was
# received. For this reason we have the following options:
#
# "disabled"    - Don't use diskless load (store the rdb file to the disk first)
# "on-empty-db" - Use diskless load only when it is completely safe.
# "swapdb"      - Keep current db contents in RAM while parsing the data directly
#                 from the socket. Replicas in this mode can keep serving current
#                 data set while replication is in progress, except for cases where
#                 they can't recognize master as having a data set from same
#                 replication history.
#                 Note that this requires sufficient memory, if you don't have it,
#                 you risk an OOM kill.
repl-diskless-load disabled

# Master send PINGs to its replicas in a predefined interval. It's possible to
# change this interval with the repl_ping_replica_period option. The default
# value is 10 seconds.
#
# repl-ping-replica-period 10

# The following option sets the replication timeout for:
#
# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of replica.
# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of replicas (data, pings).
# 3) Replica timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-replica-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the replica. The default
# value is 60 seconds.
#
# repl-timeout 60

# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the replica socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to replicas. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the replica side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the replica side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and replicas are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no

# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates
# replica data when replicas are disconnected for some time, so that when a
# replica wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a
# partial resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the replica
# missed while disconnected.
#
# The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the replica can endure the
# disconnect and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
#
# The backlog is only allocated if there is at least one replica connected.
#
# repl-backlog-size 1mb

# After a master has no connected replicas for some time, the backlog will be
# freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that need to
# elapse, starting from the time the last replica disconnected, for the backlog
# buffer to be freed.
#
# Note that replicas never free the backlog for timeout, since they may be
# promoted to masters later, and should be able to correctly "partially
# resynchronize" with other replicas: hence they should always accumulate backlog.
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
#
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600

# The replica priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO
# output. It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a replica to promote
# into a master if the master is no longer working correctly.
#
# A replica with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
# for instance if there are three replicas with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel
# will pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
#
# However a special priority of 0 marks the replica as not able to perform the
# role of master, so a replica with priority of 0 will never be selected by
# Redis Sentinel for promotion.
#
# By default the priority is 100.
replica-priority 100

# The propagation error behavior controls how Redis will behave when it is
# unable to handle a command being processed in the replication stream from a master
# or processed while reading from an AOF file. Errors that occur during propagation
# are unexpected, and can cause data inconsistency. However, there are edge cases
# in earlier versions of Redis where it was possible for the server to replicate or persist
# commands that would fail on future versions. For this reason the default behavior
# is to ignore such errors and continue processing commands.
#
# If an application wants to ensure there is no data divergence, this configuration
# should be set to 'panic' instead. The value can also be set to 'panic-on-replicas'
# to only panic when a replica encounters an error on the replication stream. One of
# these two panic values will become the default value in the future once there are
# sufficient safety mechanisms in place to prevent false positive crashes.
#
# propagation-error-behavior ignore

# Replica ignore disk write errors controls the behavior of a replica when it is
# unable to persist a write command received from its master to disk. By default,
# this configuration is set to 'no' and will crash the replica in this condition.
# It is not recommended to change this default, however in order to be compatible
# with older versions of Redis this config can be toggled to 'yes' which will just
# log a warning and execute the write command it got from the master.
#
# replica-ignore-disk-write-errors no

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# By default, Redis Sentinel includes all replicas in its reports. A replica
# can be excluded from Redis Sentinel's announcements. An unannounced replica
# will be ignored by the 'sentinel replicas <master>' command and won't be
# exposed to Redis Sentinel's clients.
#
# This option does not change the behavior of replica-priority. Even with
# replica-announced set to 'no', the replica can be promoted to master. To
# prevent this behavior, set replica-priority to 0.
#
# replica-announced yes

# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N replicas connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N replicas need to be in "online" state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the replica, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough replicas
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 replicas with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
# min-replicas-to-write 3
# min-replicas-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-replicas-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-replicas-max-lag is set to 10.

# A Redis master is able to list the address and port of the attached
# replicas in different ways. For example the "INFO replication" section
# offers this information, which is used, among other tools, by
# Redis Sentinel in order to discover replica instances.
# Another place where this info is available is in the output of the
# "ROLE" command of a master.
#
# The listed IP address and port normally reported by a replica is
# obtained in the following way:
#
#   IP: The address is auto detected by checking the peer address
#   of the socket used by the replica to connect with the master.
#
#   Port: The port is communicated by the replica during the replication
#   handshake, and is normally the port that the replica is using to
#   listen for connections.
#
# However when port forwarding or Network Address Translation (NAT) is
# used, the replica may actually be reachable via different IP and port
# pairs. The following two options can be used by a replica in order to
# report to its master a specific set of IP and port, so that both INFO
# and ROLE will report those values.
#
# There is no need to use both the options if you need to override just
# the port or the IP address.
#
# replica-announce-ip 5.5.5.5
# replica-announce-port 1234

############################### KEYS TRACKING #################################

# Redis implements server assisted support for client side caching of values.
# This is implemented using an invalidation table that remembers, using
# a radix key indexed by key name, what clients have which keys. In turn
# this is used in order to send invalidation messages to clients. Please
# check this page to understand more about the feature:
#
#   https://redis.io/topics/client-side-caching
#
# When tracking is enabled for a client, all the read only queries are assumed
# to be cached: this will force Redis to store information in the invalidation
# table. When keys are modified, such information is flushed away, and
# invalidation messages are sent to the clients. However if the workload is
# heavily dominated by reads, Redis could use more and more memory in order
# to track the keys fetched by many clients.
#
# For this reason it is possible to configure a maximum fill value for the
# invalidation table. By default it is set to 1M of keys, and once this limit
# is reached, Redis will start to evict keys in the invalidation table
# even if they were not modified, just to reclaim memory: this will in turn
# force the clients to invalidate the cached values. Basically the table
# maximum size is a trade off between the memory you want to spend server
# side to track information about who cached what, and the ability of clients
# to retain cached objects in memory.
#
# If you set the value to 0, it means there are no limits, and Redis will
# retain as many keys as needed in the invalidation table.
# In the "stats" INFO section, you can find information about the number of
# keys in the invalidation table at every given moment.
#
# Note: when key tracking is used in broadcasting mode, no memory is used
# in the server side so this setting is useless.
#
# tracking-table-max-keys 1000000

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast, an outside user can try up to
# 1 million passwords per second against a modern box. This means that you
# should use very strong passwords, otherwise they will be very easy to break.
# Note that because the password is really a shared secret between the client
# and the server, and should not be memorized by any human, the password
# can be easily a long string from /dev/urandom or whatever, so by using a
# long and unguessable password no brute force attack will be possible.

# Redis ACL users are defined in the following format:
#
#   user <username> ... acl rules ...
#
# For example:
#
#   user worker +@list +@connection ~jobs:* on >ffa9203c493aa99
#
# The special username "default" is used for new connections. If this user
# has the "nopass" rule, then new connections will be immediately authenticated
# as the "default" user without the need of any password provided via the
# AUTH command. Otherwise if the "default" user is not flagged with "nopass"
# the connections will start in not authenticated state, and will require
# AUTH (or the HELLO command AUTH option) in order to be authenticated and
# start to work.
#
# The ACL rules that describe what a user can do are the following:
#
#  on           Enable the user: it is possible to authenticate as this user.
#  off          Disable the user: it's no longer possible to authenticate
#               with this user, however the already authenticated connections
#               will still work.
#  skip-sanitize-payload    RESTORE dump-payload sanitization is skipped.
#  sanitize-payload         RESTORE dump-payload is sanitized (default).
#  +<command>   Allow the execution of that command.
#               May be used with `|` for allowing subcommands (e.g "+config|get")
#  -<command>   Disallow the execution of that command.
#               May be used with `|` for blocking subcommands (e.g "-config|set")
#  +@<category> Allow the execution of all the commands in such category
#               with valid categories are like @admin, @set, @sortedset, ...
#               and so forth, see the full list in the server.c file where
#               the Redis command table is described and defined.
#               The special category @all means all the commands, but currently
#               present in the server, and that will be loaded in the future
#               via modules.
#  +<command>|first-arg  Allow a specific first argument of an otherwise
#                        disabled command. It is only supported on commands with
#                        no sub-commands, and is not allowed as negative form
#                        like -SELECT|1, only additive starting with "+". This
#                        feature is deprecated and may be removed in the future.
#  allcommands  Alias for +@all. Note that it implies the ability to execute
#               all the future commands loaded via the modules system.
#  nocommands   Alias for -@all.
#  ~<pattern>   Add a pattern of keys that can be mentioned as part of
#               commands. For instance ~* allows all the keys. The pattern
#               is a glob-style pattern like the one of KEYS.
#               It is possible to specify multiple patterns.
# %R~<pattern>  Add key read pattern that specifies which keys can be read 
#               from.
# %W~<pattern>  Add key write pattern that specifies which keys can be
#               written to. 
#  allkeys      Alias for ~*
#  resetkeys    Flush the list of allowed keys patterns.
#  &<pattern>   Add a glob-style pattern of Pub/Sub channels that can be
#               accessed by the user. It is possible to specify multiple channel
#               patterns.
#  allchannels  Alias for &*
#  resetchannels            Flush the list of allowed channel patterns.
#  ><password>  Add this password to the list of valid password for the user.
#               For example >mypass will add "mypass" to the list.
#               This directive clears the "nopass" flag (see later).
#  <<password>  Remove this password from the list of valid passwords.
#  nopass       All the set passwords of the user are removed, and the user
#               is flagged as requiring no password: it means that every
#               password will work against this user. If this directive is
#               used for the default user, every new connection will be
#               immediately authenticated with the default user without
#               any explicit AUTH command required. Note that the "resetpass"
#               directive will clear this condition.
#  resetpass    Flush the list of allowed passwords. Moreover removes the
#               "nopass" status. After "resetpass" the user has no associated
#               passwords and there is no way to authenticate without adding
#               some password (or setting it as "nopass" later).
#  reset        Performs the following actions: resetpass, resetkeys, off,
#               -@all. The user returns to the same state it has immediately
#               after its creation.
# (<options>)   Create a new selector with the options specified within the
#               parentheses and attach it to the user. Each option should be 
#               space separated. The first character must be ( and the last 
#               character must be ).
# clearselectors            Remove all of the currently attached selectors. 
#                           Note this does not change the "root" user permissions,
#                           which are the permissions directly applied onto the
#                           user (outside the parentheses).
#
# ACL rules can be specified in any order: for instance you can start with
# passwords, then flags, or key patterns. However note that the additive
# and subtractive rules will CHANGE MEANING depending on the ordering.
# For instance see the following example:
#
#   user alice on +@all -DEBUG ~* >somepassword
#
# This will allow "alice" to use all the commands with the exception of the
# DEBUG command, since +@all added all the commands to the set of the commands
# alice can use, and later DEBUG was removed. However if we invert the order
# of two ACL rules the result will be different:
#
#   user alice on -DEBUG +@all ~* >somepassword
#
# Now DEBUG was removed when alice had yet no commands in the set of allowed
# commands, later all the commands are added, so the user will be able to
# execute everything.
#
# Basically ACL rules are processed left-to-right.
#
# The following is a list of command categories and their meanings:
# * keyspace - Writing or reading from keys, databases, or their metadata 
#     in a type agnostic way. Includes DEL, RESTORE, DUMP, RENAME, EXISTS, DBSIZE,
#     KEYS, EXPIRE, TTL, FLUSHALL, etc. Commands that may modify the keyspace,
#     key or metadata will also have `write` category. Commands that only read
#     the keyspace, key or metadata will have the `read` category.
# * read - Reading from keys (values or metadata). Note that commands that don't
#     interact with keys, will not have either `read` or `write`.
# * write - Writing to keys (values or metadata)
# * admin - Administrative commands. Normal applications will never need to use
#     these. Includes REPLICAOF, CONFIG, DEBUG, SAVE, MONITOR, ACL, SHUTDOWN, etc.
# * dangerous - Potentially dangerous (each should be considered with care for
#     various reasons). This includes FLUSHALL, MIGRATE, RESTORE, SORT, KEYS,
#     CLIENT, DEBUG, INFO, CONFIG, SAVE, REPLICAOF, etc.
# * connection - Commands affecting the connection or other connections.
#     This includes AUTH, SELECT, COMMAND, CLIENT, ECHO, PING, etc.
# * blocking - Potentially blocking the connection until released by another
#     command.
# * fast - Fast O(1) commands. May loop on the number of arguments, but not the
#     number of elements in the key.
# * slow - All commands that are not Fast.
# * pubsub - PUBLISH / SUBSCRIBE related
# * transaction - WATCH / MULTI / EXEC related commands.
# * scripting - Scripting related.
# * set - Data type: sets related.
# * sortedset - Data type: zsets related.
# * list - Data type: lists related.
# * hash - Data type: hashes related.
# * string - Data type: strings related.
# * bitmap - Data type: bitmaps related.
# * hyperloglog - Data type: hyperloglog related.
# * geo - Data type: geo related.
# * stream - Data type: streams related.
#
# For more information about ACL configuration please refer to
# the Redis web site at https://redis.io/topics/acl

# ACL LOG
#
# The ACL Log tracks failed commands and authentication events associated
# with ACLs. The ACL Log is useful to troubleshoot failed commands blocked
# by ACLs. The ACL Log is stored in memory. You can reclaim memory with
# ACL LOG RESET. Define the maximum entry length of the ACL Log below.
acllog-max-len 128

# Using an external ACL file
#
# Instead of configuring users here in this file, it is possible to use
# a stand-alone file just listing users. The two methods cannot be mixed:
# if you configure users here and at the same time you activate the external
# ACL file, the server will refuse to start.
#
# The format of the external ACL user file is exactly the same as the
# format that is used inside redis.conf to describe users.
#
# aclfile /etc/redis/users.acl

# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6 "requirepass" is just a compatibility
# layer on top of the new ACL system. The option effect will be just setting
# the password for the default user. Clients will still authenticate using
# AUTH <password> as usually, or more explicitly with AUTH default <password>
# if they follow the new protocol: both will work.
#
# The requirepass is not compatible with aclfile option and the ACL LOAD
# command, these will cause requirepass to be ignored.
#
# requirepass foobared

# New users are initialized with restrictive permissions by default, via the
# equivalent of this ACL rule 'off resetkeys -@all'. Starting with Redis 6.2, it
# is possible to manage access to Pub/Sub channels with ACL rules as well. The
# default Pub/Sub channels permission if new users is controlled by the
# acl-pubsub-default configuration directive, which accepts one of these values:
#
# allchannels: grants access to all Pub/Sub channels
# resetchannels: revokes access to all Pub/Sub channels
#
# From Redis 7.0, acl-pubsub-default defaults to 'resetchannels' permission.
#
# acl-pubsub-default resetchannels

# Command renaming (DEPRECATED).
#
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: avoid using this option if possible. Instead use ACLs to remove
# commands from the default user, and put them only in some admin user you
# create for administrative purposes.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to replicas may cause problems.

################################### CLIENTS ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
# IMPORTANT: When Redis Cluster is used, the max number of connections is also
# shared with the cluster bus: every node in the cluster will use two
# connections, one incoming and another outgoing. It is important to size the
# limit accordingly in case of very large clusters.
#
# maxclients 10000

############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################

# Set a memory usage limit to the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
#
# If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
# set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to read-only commands like GET.
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU or LFU cache, or to
# set a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have replicas attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the replicas are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of replicas is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short... if you have replicas attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for replica
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').
#
# maxmemory <bytes>

# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached. You can select one from the following behaviors:
#
# volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU, only keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
# volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU, only keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
# volatile-random -> Remove a random key having an expire set.
# allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
# volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.
#
# LRU means Least Recently Used
# LFU means Least Frequently Used
#
# Both LRU, LFU and volatile-ttl are implemented using approximated
# randomized algorithms.
#
# Note: with any of the above policies, when there are no suitable keys for
# eviction, Redis will return an error on write operations that require
# more memory. These are usually commands that create new keys, add data or
# modify existing keys. A few examples are: SET, INCR, HSET, LPUSH, SUNIONSTORE,
# SORT (due to the STORE argument), and EXEC (if the transaction includes any
# command that requires memory).
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy noeviction

# LRU, LFU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
# accuracy. By default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
# used least recently, you can change the sample size using the following
# configuration directive.
#
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
# true LRU but costs more CPU. 3 is faster but not very accurate.
#
# maxmemory-samples 5

# Eviction processing is designed to function well with the default setting.
# If there is an unusually large amount of write traffic, this value may need to
# be increased.  Decreasing this value may reduce latency at the risk of
# eviction processing effectiveness
#   0 = minimum latency, 10 = default, 100 = process without regard to latency
#
# maxmemory-eviction-tenacity 10

# Starting from Redis 5, by default a replica will ignore its maxmemory setting
# (unless it is promoted to master after a failover or manually). It means
# that the eviction of keys will be just handled by the master, sending the
# DEL commands to the replica as keys evict in the master side.
#
# This behavior ensures that masters and replicas stay consistent, and is usually
# what you want, however if your replica is writable, or you want the replica
# to have a different memory setting, and you are sure all the writes performed
# to the replica are idempotent, then you may change this default (but be sure
# to understand what you are doing).
#
# Note that since the replica by default does not evict, it may end using more
# memory than the one set via maxmemory (there are certain buffers that may
# be larger on the replica, or data structures may sometimes take more memory
# and so forth). So make sure you monitor your replicas and make sure they
# have enough memory to never hit a real out-of-memory condition before the
# master hits the configured maxmemory setting.
#
# replica-ignore-maxmemory yes

# Redis reclaims expired keys in two ways: upon access when those keys are
# found to be expired, and also in background, in what is called the
# "active expire key". The key space is slowly and interactively scanned
# looking for expired keys to reclaim, so that it is possible to free memory
# of keys that are expired and will never be accessed again in a short time.
#
# The default effort of the expire cycle will try to avoid having more than
# ten percent of expired keys still in memory, and will try to avoid consuming
# more than 25% of total memory and to add latency to the system. However
# it is possible to increase the expire "effort" that is normally set to
# "1", to a greater value, up to the value "10". At its maximum value the
# system will use more CPU, longer cycles (and technically may introduce
# more latency), and will tolerate less already expired keys still present
# in the system. It's a tradeoff between memory, CPU and latency.
#
# active-expire-effort 1

############################# LAZY FREEING ####################################

# Redis has two primitives to delete keys. One is called DEL and is a blocking
# deletion of the object. It means that the server stops processing new commands
# in order to reclaim all the memory associated with an object in a synchronous
# way. If the key deleted is associated with a small object, the time needed
# in order to execute the DEL command is very small and comparable to most other
# O(1) or O(log_N) commands in Redis. However if the key is associated with an
# aggregated value containing millions of elements, the server can block for
# a long time (even seconds) in order to complete the operation.
#
# For the above reasons Redis also offers non blocking deletion primitives
# such as UNLINK (non blocking DEL) and the ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and
# FLUSHDB commands, in order to reclaim memory in background. Those commands
# are executed in constant time. Another thread will incrementally free the
# object in the background as fast as possible.
#
# DEL, UNLINK and ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and FLUSHDB are user-controlled.
# It's up to the design of the application to understand when it is a good
# idea to use one or the other. However the Redis server sometimes has to
# delete keys or flush the whole database as a side effect of other operations.
# Specifically Redis deletes objects independently of a user call in the
# following scenarios:
#
# 1) On eviction, because of the maxmemory and maxmemory policy configurations,
#    in order to make room for new data, without going over the specified
#    memory limit.
# 2) Because of expire: when a key with an associated time to live (see the
#    EXPIRE command) must be deleted from memory.
# 3) Because of a side effect of a command that stores data on a key that may
#    already exist. For example the RENAME command may delete the old key
#    content when it is replaced with another one. Similarly SUNIONSTORE
#    or SORT with STORE option may delete existing keys. The SET command
#    itself removes any old content of the specified key in order to replace
#    it with the specified string.
# 4) During replication, when a replica performs a full resynchronization with
#    its master, the content of the whole database is removed in order to
#    load the RDB file just transferred.
#
# In all the above cases the default is to delete objects in a blocking way,
# like if DEL was called. However you can configure each case specifically
# in order to instead release memory in a non-blocking way like if UNLINK
# was called, using the following configuration directives.

lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
lazyfree-lazy-expire no
lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
replica-lazy-flush no

# It is also possible, for the case when to replace the user code DEL calls
# with UNLINK calls is not easy, to modify the default behavior of the DEL
# command to act exactly like UNLINK, using the following configuration
# directive:

lazyfree-lazy-user-del no

# FLUSHDB, FLUSHALL, SCRIPT FLUSH and FUNCTION FLUSH support both asynchronous and synchronous
# deletion, which can be controlled by passing the [SYNC|ASYNC] flags into the
# commands. When neither flag is passed, this directive will be used to determine
# if the data should be deleted asynchronously.

lazyfree-lazy-user-flush no

################################ THREADED I/O #################################

# Redis is mostly single threaded, however there are certain threaded
# operations such as UNLINK, slow I/O accesses and other things that are
# performed on side threads.
#
# Now it is also possible to handle Redis clients socket reads and writes
# in different I/O threads. Since especially writing is so slow, normally
# Redis users use pipelining in order to speed up the Redis performances per
# core, and spawn multiple instances in order to scale more. Using I/O
# threads it is possible to easily speedup two times Redis without resorting
# to pipelining nor sharding of the instance.
#
# By default threading is disabled, we suggest enabling it only in machines
# that have at least 4 or more cores, leaving at least one spare core.
# Using more than 8 threads is unlikely to help much. We also recommend using
# threaded I/O only if you actually have performance problems, with Redis
# instances being able to use a quite big percentage of CPU time, otherwise
# there is no point in using this feature.
#
# So for instance if you have a four cores boxes, try to use 2 or 3 I/O
# threads, if you have a 8 cores, try to use 6 threads. In order to
# enable I/O threads use the following configuration directive:
#
# io-threads 4
#
# Setting io-threads to 1 will just use the main thread as usual.
# When I/O threads are enabled, we only use threads for writes, that is
# to thread the write(2) syscall and transfer the client buffers to the
# socket. However it is also possible to enable threading of reads and
# protocol parsing using the following configuration directive, by setting
# it to yes:
#
# io-threads-do-reads no
#
# Usually threading reads doesn't help much.
#
# NOTE 1: This configuration directive cannot be changed at runtime via
# CONFIG SET. Also, this feature currently does not work when SSL is
# enabled.
#
# NOTE 2: If you want to test the Redis speedup using redis-benchmark, make
# sure you also run the benchmark itself in threaded mode, using the
# --threads option to match the number of Redis threads, otherwise you'll not
# be able to notice the improvements.

############################ KERNEL OOM CONTROL ##############################

# On Linux, it is possible to hint the kernel OOM killer on what processes
# should be killed first when out of memory.
#
# Enabling this feature makes Redis actively control the oom_score_adj value
# for all its processes, depending on their role. The default scores will
# attempt to have background child processes killed before all others, and
# replicas killed before masters.
#
# Redis supports these options:
#
# no:       Don't make changes to oom-score-adj (default).
# yes:      Alias to "relative" see below.
# absolute: Values in oom-score-adj-values are written as is to the kernel.
# relative: Values are used relative to the initial value of oom_score_adj when
#           the server starts and are then clamped to a range of -1000 to 1000.
#           Because typically the initial value is 0, they will often match the
#           absolute values.
oom-score-adj no

# When oom-score-adj is used, this directive controls the specific values used
# for master, replica and background child processes. Values range -2000 to
# 2000 (higher means more likely to be killed).
#
# Unprivileged processes (not root, and without CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capabilities)
# can freely increase their value, but not decrease it below its initial
# settings. This means that setting oom-score-adj to "relative" and setting the
# oom-score-adj-values to positive values will always succeed.
oom-score-adj-values 0 200 800


#################### KERNEL transparent hugepage CONTROL ######################

# Usually the kernel Transparent Huge Pages control is set to "madvise" or
# or "never" by default (/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled), in which
# case this config has no effect. On systems in which it is set to "always",
# redis will attempt to disable it specifically for the redis process in order
# to avoid latency problems specifically with fork(2) and CoW.
# If for some reason you prefer to keep it enabled, you can set this config to
# "no" and the kernel global to "always".

disable-thp yes

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check https://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.

appendonly no

# The base name of the append only file.
#
# Redis 7 and newer use a set of append-only files to persist the dataset
# and changes applied to it. There are two basic types of files in use:
#
# - Base files, which are a snapshot representing the complete state of the
#   dataset at the time the file was created. Base files can be either in
#   the form of RDB (binary serialized) or AOF (textual commands).
# - Incremental files, which contain additional commands that were applied
#   to the dataset following the previous file.
#
# In addition, manifest files are used to track the files and the order in
# which they were created and should be applied.
#
# Append-only file names are created by Redis following a specific pattern.
# The file name's prefix is based on the 'appendfilename' configuration
# parameter, followed by additional information about the sequence and type.
#
# For example, if appendfilename is set to appendonly.aof, the following file
# names could be derived:
#
# - appendonly.aof.1.base.rdb as a base file.
# - appendonly.aof.1.incr.aof, appendonly.aof.2.incr.aof as incremental files.
# - appendonly.aof.manifest as a manifest file.

appendfilename "appendonly.aof"

# For convenience, Redis stores all persistent append-only files in a dedicated
# directory. The name of the directory is determined by the appenddirname
# configuration parameter.

appenddirname "appendonlydir"

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use "everysec".

# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync no". In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
#
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.

no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb

# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
# This may happen when the system where Redis is running
# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
# data=ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself
# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
#
# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
#
# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
# to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart
# the server.
#
# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
# will be found.
aof-load-truncated yes

# Redis can create append-only base files in either RDB or AOF formats. Using
# the RDB format is always faster and more efficient, and disabling it is only
# supported for backward compatibility purposes.
aof-use-rdb-preamble yes

# Redis supports recording timestamp annotations in the AOF to support restoring
# the data from a specific point-in-time. However, using this capability changes
# the AOF format in a way that may not be compatible with existing AOF parsers.
aof-timestamp-enabled no

################################ SHUTDOWN #####################################

# Maximum time to wait for replicas when shutting down, in seconds.
#
# During shut down, a grace period allows any lagging replicas to catch up with
# the latest replication offset before the master exists. This period can
# prevent data loss, especially for deployments without configured disk backups.
#
# The 'shutdown-timeout' value is the grace period's duration in seconds. It is
# only applicable when the instance has replicas. To disable the feature, set
# the value to 0.
#
# shutdown-timeout 10

# When Redis receives a SIGINT or SIGTERM, shutdown is initiated and by default
# an RDB snapshot is written to disk in a blocking operation if save points are configured.
# The options used on signaled shutdown can include the following values:
# default:  Saves RDB snapshot only if save points are configured.
#           Waits for lagging replicas to catch up.
# save:     Forces a DB saving operation even if no save points are configured.
# nosave:   Prevents DB saving operation even if one or more save points are configured.
# now:      Skips waiting for lagging replicas.
# force:    Ignores any errors that would normally prevent the server from exiting.
#
# Any combination of values is allowed as long as "save" and "nosave" are not set simultaneously.
# Example: "nosave force now"
#
# shutdown-on-sigint default
# shutdown-on-sigterm default

################ NON-DETERMINISTIC LONG BLOCKING COMMANDS #####################

# Maximum time in milliseconds for EVAL scripts, functions and in some cases
# modules' commands before Redis can start processing or rejecting other clients.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will start to reply to most
# commands with a BUSY error.
#
# In this state Redis will only allow a handful of commands to be executed.
# For instance, SCRIPT KILL, FUNCTION KILL, SHUTDOWN NOSAVE and possibly some
# module specific 'allow-busy' commands.
#
# SCRIPT KILL and FUNCTION KILL will only be able to stop a script that did not
# yet call any write commands, so SHUTDOWN NOSAVE may be the only way to stop
# the server in the case a write command was already issued by the script when
# the user doesn't want to wait for the natural termination of the script.
#
# The default is 5 seconds. It is possible to set it to 0 or a negative value
# to disable this mechanism (uninterrupted execution). Note that in the past
# this config had a different name, which is now an alias, so both of these do
# the same:
# lua-time-limit 5000
# busy-reply-threshold 5000

################################ REDIS CLUSTER  ###############################

# Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are
# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
#
# cluster-enabled yes

# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
# Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have
# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf

# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable
# for it to be considered in failure state.
# Most other internal time limits are a multiple of the node timeout.
#
# cluster-node-timeout 15000

# The cluster port is the port that the cluster bus will listen for inbound connections on. When set 
# to the default value, 0, it will be bound to the command port + 10000. Setting this value requires 
# you to specify the cluster bus port when executing cluster meet.
# cluster-port 0

# A replica of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
# looks too old.
#
# There is no simple way for a replica to actually have an exact measure of
# its "data age", so the following two checks are performed:
#
# 1) If there are multiple replicas able to failover, they exchange messages
#    in order to try to give an advantage to the replica with the best
#    replication offset (more data from the master processed).
#    Replicas will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
#    of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
#
# 2) Every single replica computes the time of the last interaction with
#    its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
#    is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the
#    disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
#    If the last interaction is too old, the replica will not try to failover
#    at all.
#
# The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a replica will not perform
# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
# elapsed is greater than:
#
#   (node-timeout * cluster-replica-validity-factor) + repl-ping-replica-period
#
# So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-replica-period of 10 seconds, the
# replica will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
# for longer than 310 seconds.
#
# A large cluster-replica-validity-factor may allow replicas with too old data to failover
# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
# elect a replica at all.
#
# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# to a value of 0, which means, that replicas will always try to failover the
# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
# (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
# offset rank).
#
# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
# the cluster will always be able to continue.
#
# cluster-replica-validity-factor 10

# Cluster replicas are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
# that are left without working replicas. This improves the cluster ability
# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over
# in case of failure if it has no working replicas.
#
# Replicas migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
# given number of other working replicas for their old master. This number
# is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a replica
# will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working replica for its master
# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of replicas you want for every
# master in your cluster.
#
# Default is 1 (replicas migrate only if their masters remain with at least
# one replica). To disable migration just set it to a very large value or
# set cluster-allow-replica-migration to 'no'.
# A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
# in production.
#
# cluster-migration-barrier 1

# Turning off this option allows to use less automatic cluster configuration.
# It both disables migration to orphaned masters and migration from masters
# that became empty.
#
# Default is 'yes' (allow automatic migrations).
#
# cluster-allow-replica-migration yes

# By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there
# is at least a hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it).
# This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots
# are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable.
# It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again.
#
# However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working,
# to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still
# covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage
# option to no.
#
# cluster-require-full-coverage yes

# This option, when set to yes, prevents replicas from trying to failover its
# master during master failures. However the replica can still perform a
# manual failover, if forced to do so.
#
# This is useful in different scenarios, especially in the case of multiple
# data center operations, where we want one side to never be promoted if not
# in the case of a total DC failure.
#
# cluster-replica-no-failover no

# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve read traffic while the
# cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
#
# This is useful for two cases.  The first case is for when an application
# doesn't require consistency of data during node failures or network partitions.
# One example of this is a cache, where as long as the node has the data it
# should be able to serve it.
#
# The second use case is for configurations that don't meet the recommended
# three shards but want to enable cluster mode and scale later. A
# master outage in a 1 or 2 shard configuration causes a read/write outage to the
# entire cluster without this option set, with it set there is only a write outage.
# Without a quorum of masters, slot ownership will not change automatically.
#
# cluster-allow-reads-when-down no

# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve pubsub shard traffic while
# the cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
#
# This is useful if the application would like to use the pubsub feature even when
# the cluster global stable state is not OK. If the application wants to make sure only
# one shard is serving a given channel, this feature should be kept as yes.
#
# cluster-allow-pubsubshard-when-down yes

# Cluster link send buffer limit is the limit on the memory usage of an individual
# cluster bus link's send buffer in bytes. Cluster links would be freed if they exceed
# this limit. This is to primarily prevent send buffers from growing unbounded on links
# toward slow peers (E.g. PubSub messages being piled up).
# This limit is disabled by default. Enable this limit when 'mem_cluster_links' INFO field
# and/or 'send-buffer-allocated' entries in the 'CLUSTER LINKS` command output continuously increase.
# Minimum limit of 1gb is recommended so that cluster link buffer can fit in at least a single
# PubSub message by default. (client-query-buffer-limit default value is 1gb)
#
# cluster-link-sendbuf-limit 0
 
# Clusters can configure their announced hostname using this config. This is a common use case for 
# applications that need to use TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) or dealing with DNS based
# routing. By default this value is only shown as additional metadata in the CLUSTER SLOTS
# command, but can be changed using 'cluster-preferred-endpoint-type' config. This value is 
# communicated along the clusterbus to all nodes, setting it to an empty string will remove 
# the hostname and also propagate the removal.
#
# cluster-announce-hostname ""

# Clusters can advertise how clients should connect to them using either their IP address,
# a user defined hostname, or by declaring they have no endpoint. Which endpoint is
# shown as the preferred endpoint is set by using the cluster-preferred-endpoint-type
# config with values 'ip', 'hostname', or 'unknown-endpoint'. This value controls how
# the endpoint returned for MOVED/ASKING requests as well as the first field of CLUSTER SLOTS. 
# If the preferred endpoint type is set to hostname, but no announced hostname is set, a '?' 
# will be returned instead.
#
# When a cluster advertises itself as having an unknown endpoint, it's indicating that
# the server doesn't know how clients can reach the cluster. This can happen in certain 
# networking situations where there are multiple possible routes to the node, and the 
# server doesn't know which one the client took. In this case, the server is expecting
# the client to reach out on the same endpoint it used for making the last request, but use
# the port provided in the response.
#
# cluster-preferred-endpoint-type ip

# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
# available at https://redis.io web site.

########################## CLUSTER DOCKER/NAT support  ########################

# In certain deployments, Redis Cluster nodes address discovery fails, because
# addresses are NAT-ted or because ports are forwarded (the typical case is
# Docker and other containers).
#
# In order to make Redis Cluster working in such environments, a static
# configuration where each node knows its public address is needed. The
# following four options are used for this scope, and are:
#
# * cluster-announce-ip
# * cluster-announce-port
# * cluster-announce-tls-port
# * cluster-announce-bus-port
#
# Each instructs the node about its address, client ports (for connections
# without and with TLS) and cluster message bus port. The information is then
# published in the header of the bus packets so that other nodes will be able to
# correctly map the address of the node publishing the information.
#
# If cluster-tls is set to yes and cluster-announce-tls-port is omitted or set
# to zero, then cluster-announce-port refers to the TLS port. Note also that
# cluster-announce-tls-port has no effect if cluster-tls is set to no.
#
# If the above options are not used, the normal Redis Cluster auto-detection
# will be used instead.
#
# Note that when remapped, the bus port may not be at the fixed offset of
# clients port + 10000, so you can specify any port and bus-port depending
# on how they get remapped. If the bus-port is not set, a fixed offset of
# 10000 will be used as usual.
#
# Example:
#
# cluster-announce-ip 10.1.1.5
# cluster-announce-tls-port 6379
# cluster-announce-port 0
# cluster-announce-bus-port 6380

################################## SLOW LOG ###################################

# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
#
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.

# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000

# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
slowlog-max-len 128

################################ LATENCY MONITOR ##############################

# The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations
# at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of
# latency of a Redis instance.
#
# Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can
# print graphs and obtain reports.
#
# The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or
# greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the
# latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set
# to zero, the latency monitor is turned off.
#
# By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed
# if you don't have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance
# impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency
# monitoring can easily be enabled at runtime using the command
# "CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold <milliseconds>" if needed.
latency-monitor-threshold 0

################################ LATENCY TRACKING ##############################

# The Redis extended latency monitoring tracks the per command latencies and enables
# exporting the percentile distribution via the INFO latencystats command,
# and cumulative latency distributions (histograms) via the LATENCY command.
#
# By default, the extended latency monitoring is enabled since the overhead
# of keeping track of the command latency is very small.
# latency-tracking yes

# By default the exported latency percentiles via the INFO latencystats command
# are the p50, p99, and p999.
# latency-tracking-info-percentiles 50 99 99.9

############################# EVENT NOTIFICATION ##############################

# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
# This feature is documented at https://redis.io/topics/notifications
#
# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
# performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database 0, two
# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
#
# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
#
# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
#
#  K     Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
#  E     Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
#  g     Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ...
#  $     String commands
#  l     List commands
#  s     Set commands
#  h     Hash commands
#  z     Sorted set commands
#  x     Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
#  e     Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
#  n     New key events (Note: not included in the 'A' class)
#  t     Stream commands
#  d     Module key type events
#  m     Key-miss events (Note: It is not included in the 'A' class)
#  A     Alias for g$lshzxetd, so that the "AKE" string means all the events
#        (Except key-miss events which are excluded from 'A' due to their
#         unique nature).
#
#  The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed
#  of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
#  are disabled.
#
#  Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
#           event name, use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Elg
#
#  Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
#             name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Ex
#
#  By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need
#  this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't
#  specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
notify-keyspace-events ""

############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
hash-max-listpack-entries 512
hash-max-listpack-value 64

# Lists are also encoded in a special way to save a lot of space.
# The number of entries allowed per internal list node can be specified
# as a fixed maximum size or a maximum number of elements.
# For a fixed maximum size, use -5 through -1, meaning:
# -5: max size: 64 Kb  <-- not recommended for normal workloads
# -4: max size: 32 Kb  <-- not recommended
# -3: max size: 16 Kb  <-- probably not recommended
# -2: max size: 8 Kb   <-- good
# -1: max size: 4 Kb   <-- good
# Positive numbers mean store up to _exactly_ that number of elements
# per list node.
# The highest performing option is usually -2 (8 Kb size) or -1 (4 Kb size),
# but if your use case is unique, adjust the settings as necessary.
list-max-listpack-size -2

# Lists may also be compressed.
# Compress depth is the number of quicklist ziplist nodes from *each* side of
# the list to *exclude* from compression.  The head and tail of the list
# are always uncompressed for fast push/pop operations.  Settings are:
# 0: disable all list compression
# 1: depth 1 means "don't start compressing until after 1 node into the list,
#    going from either the head or tail"
#    So: [head]->node->node->...->node->[tail]
#    [head], [tail] will always be uncompressed; inner nodes will compress.
# 2: [head]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[tail]
#    2 here means: don't compress head or head->next or tail->prev or tail,
#    but compress all nodes between them.
# 3: [head]->[next]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[prev]->[tail]
# etc.
list-compress-depth 0

# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happen to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512

# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-listpack-entries 128
zset-max-listpack-value 64

# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
# 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
#
# A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
# dense representation is more memory efficient.
#
# The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
# ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 - 15000 range.
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000

# Streams macro node max size / items. The stream data structure is a radix
# tree of big nodes that encode multiple items inside. Using this configuration
# it is possible to configure how big a single node can be in bytes, and the
# maximum number of items it may contain before switching to a new node when
# appending new stream entries. If any of the following settings are set to
# zero, the limit is ignored, so for instance it is possible to set just a
# max entries limit by setting max-bytes to 0 and max-entries to the desired
# value.
stream-node-max-bytes 4096
stream-node-max-entries 100

# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
# that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
#
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but
# want to free memory asap when possible.
activerehashing yes

# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the
# publisher can produce them).
#
# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
#
# normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients
# replica -> replica clients
# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
#
# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
#
# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
# seconds (continuously).
# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
# the limit for 10 seconds.
#
# By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data
# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
# than it can read.
#
# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and replica clients, since
# subscribers and replicas receive data in a push fashion.
#
# Note that it doesn't make sense to set the replica clients output buffer
# limit lower than the repl-backlog-size config (partial sync will succeed
# and then replica will get disconnected).
# Such a configuration is ignored (the size of repl-backlog-size will be used).
# This doesn't have memory consumption implications since the replica client
# will share the backlog buffers memory.
#
# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60

# Client query buffers accumulate new commands. They are limited to a fixed
# amount by default in order to avoid that a protocol desynchronization (for
# instance due to a bug in the client) will lead to unbound memory usage in
# the query buffer. However you can configure it here if you have very special
# needs, such us huge multi/exec requests or alike.
#
# client-query-buffer-limit 1gb

# In some scenarios client connections can hog up memory leading to OOM
# errors or data eviction. To avoid this we can cap the accumulated memory
# used by all client connections (all pubsub and normal clients). Once we
# reach that limit connections will be dropped by the server freeing up
# memory. The server will attempt to drop the connections using the most 
# memory first. We call this mechanism "client eviction".
#
# Client eviction is configured using the maxmemory-clients setting as follows:
# 0 - client eviction is disabled (default)
#
# A memory value can be used for the client eviction threshold,
# for example:
# maxmemory-clients 1g
#
# A percentage value (between 1% and 100%) means the client eviction threshold
# is based on a percentage of the maxmemory setting. For example to set client
# eviction at 5% of maxmemory:
# maxmemory-clients 5%

# In the Redis protocol, bulk requests, that are, elements representing single
# strings, are normally limited to 512 mb. However you can change this limit
# here, but must be 1mb or greater
#
# proto-max-bulk-len 512mb

# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are
# never requested, and so forth.
#
# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
# tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value.
#
# By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
# handled with more precision.
#
# The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not
# a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to
# 100 only in environments where very low latency is required.
hz 10

# Normally it is useful to have an HZ value which is proportional to the
# number of clients connected. This is useful in order, for instance, to
# avoid too many clients are processed for each background task invocation
# in order to avoid latency spikes.
#
# Since the default HZ value by default is conservatively set to 10, Redis
# offers, and enables by default, the ability to use an adaptive HZ value
# which will temporarily raise when there are many connected clients.
#
# When dynamic HZ is enabled, the actual configured HZ will be used
# as a baseline, but multiples of the configured HZ value will be actually
# used as needed once more clients are connected. In this way an idle
# instance will use very little CPU time while a busy instance will be
# more responsive.
dynamic-hz yes

# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 4 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes

# When redis saves RDB file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 4 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
rdb-save-incremental-fsync yes

# Redis LFU eviction (see maxmemory setting) can be tuned. However it is a good
# idea to start with the default settings and only change them after investigating
# how to improve the performances and how the keys LFU change over time, which
# is possible to inspect via the OBJECT FREQ command.
#
# There are two tunable parameters in the Redis LFU implementation: the
# counter logarithm factor and the counter decay time. It is important to
# understand what the two parameters mean before changing them.
#
# The LFU counter is just 8 bits per key, it's maximum value is 255, so Redis
# uses a probabilistic increment with logarithmic behavior. Given the value
# of the old counter, when a key is accessed, the counter is incremented in
# this way:
#
# 1. A random number R between 0 and 1 is extracted.
# 2. A probability P is calculated as 1/(old_value*lfu_log_factor+1).
# 3. The counter is incremented only if R < P.
#
# The default lfu-log-factor is 10. This is a table of how the frequency
# counter changes with a different number of accesses with different
# logarithmic factors:
#
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | factor | 100 hits   | 1000 hits  | 100K hits  | 1M hits    | 10M hits   |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 0      | 104        | 255        | 255        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 1      | 18         | 49         | 255        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 10     | 10         | 18         | 142        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 100    | 8          | 11         | 49         | 143        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
#
# NOTE: The above table was obtained by running the following commands:
#
#   redis-benchmark -n 1000000 incr foo
#   redis-cli object freq foo
#
# NOTE 2: The counter initial value is 5 in order to give new objects a chance
# to accumulate hits.
#
# The counter decay time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse in order
# for the key counter to be divided by two (or decremented if it has a value
# less <= 10).
#
# The default value for the lfu-decay-time is 1. A special value of 0 means to
# decay the counter every time it happens to be scanned.
#
# lfu-log-factor 10
# lfu-decay-time 1

########################### ACTIVE DEFRAGMENTATION #######################
#
# What is active defragmentation?
# -------------------------------
#
# Active (online) defragmentation allows a Redis server to compact the
# spaces left between small allocations and deallocations of data in memory,
# thus allowing to reclaim back memory.
#
# Fragmentation is a natural process that happens with every allocator (but
# less so with Jemalloc, fortunately) and certain workloads. Normally a server
# restart is needed in order to lower the fragmentation, or at least to flush
# away all the data and create it again. However thanks to this feature
# implemented by Oran Agra for Redis 4.0 this process can happen at runtime
# in a "hot" way, while the server is running.
#
# Basically when the fragmentation is over a certain level (see the
# configuration options below) Redis will start to create new copies of the
# values in contiguous memory regions by exploiting certain specific Jemalloc
# features (in order to understand if an allocation is causing fragmentation
# and to allocate it in a better place), and at the same time, will release the
# old copies of the data. This process, repeated incrementally for all the keys
# will cause the fragmentation to drop back to normal values.
#
# Important things to understand:
#
# 1. This feature is disabled by default, and only works if you compiled Redis
#    to use the copy of Jemalloc we ship with the source code of Redis.
#    This is the default with Linux builds.
#
# 2. You never need to enable this feature if you don't have fragmentation
#    issues.
#
# 3. Once you experience fragmentation, you can enable this feature when
#    needed with the command "CONFIG SET activedefrag yes".
#
# The configuration parameters are able to fine tune the behavior of the
# defragmentation process. If you are not sure about what they mean it is
# a good idea to leave the defaults untouched.

# Active defragmentation is disabled by default
# activedefrag no

# Minimum amount of fragmentation waste to start active defrag
# active-defrag-ignore-bytes 100mb

# Minimum percentage of fragmentation to start active defrag
# active-defrag-threshold-lower 10

# Maximum percentage of fragmentation at which we use maximum effort
# active-defrag-threshold-upper 100

# Minimal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the lower
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-min 1

# Maximal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the upper
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-max 25

# Maximum number of set/hash/zset/list fields that will be processed from
# the main dictionary scan
# active-defrag-max-scan-fields 1000

# Jemalloc background thread for purging will be enabled by default
jemalloc-bg-thread yes

# It is possible to pin different threads and processes of Redis to specific
# CPUs in your system, in order to maximize the performances of the server.
# This is useful both in order to pin different Redis threads in different
# CPUs, but also in order to make sure that multiple Redis instances running
# in the same host will be pinned to different CPUs.
#
# Normally you can do this using the "taskset" command, however it is also
# possible to this via Redis configuration directly, both in Linux and FreeBSD.
#
# You can pin the server/IO threads, bio threads, aof rewrite child process, and
# the bgsave child process. The syntax to specify the cpu list is the same as
# the taskset command:
#
# Set redis server/io threads to cpu affinity 0,2,4,6:
# server_cpulist 0-7:2
#
# Set bio threads to cpu affinity 1,3:
# bio_cpulist 1,3
#
# Set aof rewrite child process to cpu affinity 8,9,10,11:
# aof_rewrite_cpulist 8-11
#
# Set bgsave child process to cpu affinity 1,10,11
# bgsave_cpulist 1,10-11

# In some cases redis will emit warnings and even refuse to start if it detects
# that the system is in bad state, it is possible to suppress these warnings
# by setting the following config which takes a space delimited list of warnings
# to suppress
#
# ignore-warnings ARM64-COW-BUG

5.# 用ruby写的进行启动集群部署  
cd /data/soft/redis/redis-7.0.4/src/
# 需要先开放端口号

firewall-cmd  --zone=public --permanent --add-port=6379/tcp
firewall-cmd  --zone=public --permanent --add-port=6380/tcp
firewall-cmd  --zone=public --permanent --add-port=6381/tcp
firewall-cmd  --zone=public --permanent --add-port=6389/tcp
firewall-cmd  --zone=public --permanent --add-port=6390/tcp
firewall-cmd  --zone=public --permanent --add-port=6391/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload

#此处不要用127.0.0.1， 请用真实IP地址
# --replicas 1 采用最简单的方式配置集群，一台主机，一台从机，正好三组


 redis-cli --cluster create --cluster-replicas 1  192.168.1.148:6379 192.168.1.148:6380 192.168.1.148:6381 192.168.1.148:6389 192.168.1.148:6390 192.168.1.148:6391



 #输入yes同意分配方案，能看到以下的方案便是成功的
6.# 连接普通方式，进行操作会重定向
 redis-cli  -h 192.168.1.148 -p 6379
# 集群连接方式  	-c 采用集群策略连接，设置数据会自动切换到相应的写主机
 redis-cli -c  -h 192.168.1.148 -p 6379
7.# 通过cluster nodes  查看集群信息


[root@node1 src]# redis-cli -c  -h 192.168.1.148 -p 6379
192.168.1.148:6379> cluster nodes
abc82d87406431b4f2598d2ee72bd25698b4f95e 192.168.1.148:6381@16381 master - 0 1663919834000 3 connected 10923-16383
806e28629ccaf6e86fedb8961679a2cfc57f2e98 192.168.1.148:6380@16380 master - 0 1663919833647 2 connected 5461-10922
a67e831765d5d6b8b2452a420d443f3de5b2cca2 192.168.1.148:6390@16390 slave abc82d87406431b4f2598d2ee72bd25698b4f95e 0 1663919835661 3 connected
e49ad9dbb9c206bd575449610ff7a53e62f50e20 192.168.1.148:6391@16391 slave 6f4236e1e4e5978830b0fb589795e4fc13ad3c75 0 1663919833000 1 connected
6f4236e1e4e5978830b0fb589795e4fc13ad3c75 192.168.1.148:6379@16379 myself,master - 0 1663919833000 1 connected 0-5460
8750a643f5cc477fc16b258208b9bbe87d4041aa 192.168.1.148:6389@16389 slave 806e28629ccaf6e86fedb8961679a2cfc57f2e98 0 1663919834656 2 connected

[root@node1 src]#  redis-cli --cluster create --cluster-replicas 1  192.168.1.148:6379 192.168.1.148:6380 192.168.1.148:6381 192.168.1.148:6389 192.168.1.148:6390 192.168.1.148:6391
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
Adding replica 192.168.1.148:6390 to 192.168.1.148:6379
Adding replica 192.168.1.148:6391 to 192.168.1.148:6380
Adding replica 192.168.1.148:6389 to 192.168.1.148:6381
>>> Trying to optimize slaves allocation for anti-affinity
[WARNING] Some slaves are in the same host as their master
M: 6f4236e1e4e5978830b0fb589795e4fc13ad3c75 192.168.1.148:6379
   slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
M: 806e28629ccaf6e86fedb8961679a2cfc57f2e98 192.168.1.148:6380
   slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
M: abc82d87406431b4f2598d2ee72bd25698b4f95e 192.168.1.148:6381
   slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
S: 8750a643f5cc477fc16b258208b9bbe87d4041aa 192.168.1.148:6389
   replicates 806e28629ccaf6e86fedb8961679a2cfc57f2e98
S: a67e831765d5d6b8b2452a420d443f3de5b2cca2 192.168.1.148:6390
   replicates abc82d87406431b4f2598d2ee72bd25698b4f95e
S: e49ad9dbb9c206bd575449610ff7a53e62f50e20 192.168.1.148:6391
   replicates 6f4236e1e4e5978830b0fb589795e4fc13ad3c75
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join
.
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.1.148:6379)
M: 6f4236e1e4e5978830b0fb589795e4fc13ad3c75 192.168.1.148:6379
   slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
M: abc82d87406431b4f2598d2ee72bd25698b4f95e 192.168.1.148:6381
   slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
M: 806e28629ccaf6e86fedb8961679a2cfc57f2e98 192.168.1.148:6380
   slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: a67e831765d5d6b8b2452a420d443f3de5b2cca2 192.168.1.148:6390
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates abc82d87406431b4f2598d2ee72bd25698b4f95e
S: e49ad9dbb9c206bd575449610ff7a53e62f50e20 192.168.1.148:6391
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 6f4236e1e4e5978830b0fb589795e4fc13ad3c75
S: 8750a643f5cc477fc16b258208b9bbe87d4041aa 192.168.1.148:6389
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 806e28629ccaf6e86fedb8961679a2cfc57f2e98
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

分配原则

• 尽量保证每个主数据库运行在不同的IP地址上

slots(插槽)

在启动集群的时候有 slots

一个 Redis 集群包含 16384 个插槽（hash slot）， 数据库中的每个键都属于这 16384 个插槽的其中一个， 集群使用公式 CRC16(key) % 16384 来计算键 key 而不是 value属于哪个槽， 其中 CRC16(key) 语句用于计算键 key 的 CRC16 校验和 。

集群中的每个节点负责处理一部分插槽。 举个例子， 如果一个集群可以有主节点， 其中：

• 节点 A 负责处理 0 号至 5460 号插槽。
• 节点 B 负责处理 5461 号至 10922 号插槽.
• 节点 C 负责处理 10923 号至 16383 号插槽。

集群中录入数据

在redis-cli每次录入、查询键值，redis都会计算出该key应该送往的插槽，如果不是该客户端对应服务器的插槽，redis会报错，并告知应前往的redis实例地址和端口。 redis-cli客户端提供了 –c 参数实现自动重定向。 如 redis-cli -c –p 6379 登入后，再录入、查询键值对可以自动重定向。
不在一个slot下的键值，是不能使用mget,mset等多键操作。 解决办法：使用组的形式

在集群中输入

 redis-cli -c  -h 192.168.1.148 -p 6379
192.168.1.148:6379> set k1 v1
-> Redirected to slot [12706] located at 192.168.1.148:6381
OK


192.168.1.148:6381> mset name cyx sex nan
(error) CROSSSLOT Keys in request don't hash to the same slot

使用组的形式 {user}代表一个组

192.168.1.148:6381> mset name{user} cyx age{user} 18
-> Redirected to slot [5474] located at 192.168.1.148:6380
OK

插槽值查询

cluster keyslot keyname   # 查看keyname 的插槽值 ,如果key不存在也会返回插槽值
cluster  countkeysinslot 555
cluster countkeysinslot slotindex   # 查看插槽值如（10056） 的值，前提：只能查看当服务器中插槽的数量范围，在启动集群中可以推出来
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383

cluster  getkeysinslot 449 10  #返回索引为449的插槽中，10个key

故障恢复

如果主节点下线？从节点能否自动升为主节点？注意：15秒超时
主节点恢复后，主从关系会如何？主节点回来变成从机。
如果所有某一段插槽的主从节点都宕掉，redis服务是否还能继续?

如果某一段插槽的主从都挂掉，而cluster-require-full-coverage 为yes ，那么 ，整个集群都挂掉 如果某一段插槽的主从都挂掉，而cluster-require-full-coverage 为no ，那么，该插槽数据全都不能使用，也无法存储。 redis.conf中的参数 cluster-require-full-coverage

集群中的redis开发

public class JedisClusterTest {
  public static void main(String[] args) { 
     Set<HostAndPort>set =new HashSet<HostAndPort>();
     set.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.31.211",6379));
     JedisCluster jedisCluster=new JedisCluster(set);
     jedisCluster.set("k1", "v1");
     System.out.println(jedisCluster.get("k1"));
  }
}

优点

实现扩容

分摊压力

无中心配置相对简单

不足

多键操作是不被支持的

多键的Redis事务是不被支持的。lua脚本不被支持

由于集群方案出现较晚，很多公司已经采用了其他的集群方案，而代理或者客户端分片的方案想要迁移至redis cluster，需要整体迁移而不是逐步过渡，复杂度较大。

缓存穿透

现象

key对应的数据在数据源并不存在，每次针对此key的请求从缓存获取不到，请求都会压到数据源，从而可能压垮数据源。比如用一个不存在的用户id获取用户信息，不论缓存还是数据库都没有，若黑客利用此漏洞进行攻击可能压垮数据库。

解决方案

1. 对空值缓存：如果一个查询返回的数据为空（不管是数据是否不存在），我们仍然把这个空结果（null）进行缓存，设置空结果的过期时间会很短，最长不超过五分钟
2. 设置可访问的名单（白名单） 创建数据的时候添加： 使用bitmaps类型定义一个可以访问的名单，名单id作为bitmaps的偏移量，每次访问和bitmap里面的id进行比较，如果访问id不在bitmaps里面，进行拦截，不允许访问。 （不是很合理，谁是第一个将id放到bitmap里的）
3. 采用布隆过滤器：(布隆过滤器（Bloom Filter）是1970年由布隆提出的。它实际上是一个很长的二进制向量(位图)和一系列随机映射函数（哈希函数）。 布隆过滤器可以用于检索一个元素是否在一个集合中。它的优点是空间效率和查询时间都远远超过一般的算法，缺点是有一定的误识别率和删除困难。) 将所有可能存在的数据哈希到一个足够大的bitmaps中，一个一定不存在的数据会被 这个bitmaps拦截掉，从而避免了对底层存储系统的查询压力。
4. 进行实时监控：当发现Redis的命中率开始急速降低，需要排查访问对象和访问的数据，和运维人员配合，可以设置黑名单限制服务

缓存击穿

现象

解决方案

key可能会在某些时间点被超高并发地访问，是一种非常“热点”的数据。这个时候，需要考虑一个问题：缓存被“击穿”的问题。 解决问题：

1. 预先设置热门数据：在redis高峰访问之前，把一些热门数据提前存入到redis里面，加大这些热门数据key的时长
2. 实时调整：现场监控哪些数据热门，实时调整key的过期时长
3. 使用锁：
   3.1. 就是在缓存失效的时候（判断拿出来的值为空），不是立即去load db
   3.2 先使用缓存工具的某些带成功操作返回值的操作（比如Redis的SETNX）去set一个mutex key
   3.3 当操作返回成功时，再进行load db的操作，并回设缓存,最后删除mutex key
   3.4 当操作返回失败，证明有线程在loaddb，当前线程睡眠一段时间再重试整个get缓存的方法。
   

缓存雪崩

现象

数据库压力变大，服务器奔溃

原因

在极少时间段内，几乎多有的key都失效了

解决方案

解决方案

1. 构建多级缓存架构：nginx缓存 + redis缓存 +其他缓存（ehcache等）
2. 使用锁或队列：用加锁或者队列的方式保证来保证不会有大量的线程对数据库一次性进行读写，从而避免失效时大量的并发请求落到底层存储系统上。不适用高并发情况
3. 设置过期标志更新缓存： 记录缓存数据是否过期（设置提前量），如果过期会触发通知另外的线程在后台去更新实际key的缓存。
4. 将缓存失效时间分散开 比如我们可以在原有的失效时间基础上增加一个随机值，比如1-5分钟随机，这样每一个缓存的过期时间的重复率就会降低，就很难引发集体失效的事件。

分布式锁

问题描述

随着业务发展的需要，原单体单机部署的系统被演化成分布式集群系统后，由于分布式系统多线程、多进程并且分布在不同机器上，这将使原单机部署情况下的并发控制锁策略失效，单纯的Java API并不能提供分布式锁的能力。为了解决这个问题就需要一种跨JVM的互斥机制来控制共享资源的访问，这就是分布式锁要解决的问题！

实现方案

分布式锁主流的实现方案：

1. 基于数据库实现分布式锁
2. 基于缓存（Redis等）
3. 基于Zookeeper

优缺点

每一种分布式锁解决方案都有各自的优缺点：

1. 性能：redis最高
2. 可靠性：zookeeper最高 这里，我们就基于redis实现分布式锁。

分布式锁命令

以下命令非常重要，要好好看

• setnx key value
  只key不存在的时候，才能设置成功，如果key存在，操作失败

       > setnx  k2 v1
            1
       > setnx  k2 v1
           0
  

• setex setex key secconds value = set k3 value ex 1000et
  设置key 的同时设置过期时间
  注意：set key value 命令+ expired key seconds 不等于 setex key seconds value
  因为前者 是设置key的同时设置过期时间，具有原子性 ，后者如果 在set key value的时候就断电了，或者其他原因系统奔溃了，还没来得及执行 expired key seconds ,则key永远存在。没有过期时间了

• set key value nx ex seconds 既上锁又设置过期时间 具有原子性操作

> set kkk vvv nx ex 100000
OK
> set kkk vvv nx ex 100000
null

获取分布式锁代码

    public  void doSecKill(){
        stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent("key","value",100, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    }

分布式锁优化之UUID防止误删

存在问题，如果说设置过期时间为100s 的话，要保证执行该方法一定要在100s 内，不能出现执行方法超过100s .例如线程A ,如果执行到下图锚点1 执行超过了100s 此时锁已经自动释放掉了，当线程B 调用了同样的方法，并且线程B已经它运行到了锚点2，此时线程继续执行 stringRedisTemplate.delete("key"); 则会将线程B的锁给释放掉，于是出现了线程锁之间的误删除。

    public void doSecKill2() throws InterruptedException {
        Boolean aBoolean = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent("key", "value", 100, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        if (aBoolean) {
            //锚点2
            //手动释放锁
            Thread.sleep(20*1000);
            //锚点1
            stringRedisTemplate.delete("key");
        }
    }

解决误删锁的方法,，注意Value 值的不同，

    public void doSecKill() {
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        Boolean aBoolean = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent("key", uuid, 100, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        if (aBoolean) {
            //手动释放锁
            if (uuid.equals((String) stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("key"))) {
            //锚点3
                stringRedisTemplate.delete("key");
            }
        }
    }

上面代码又遗留了一个问题 即 比较uuid 和 删除操作不是原子性操作 情况说明
当线程A执行了锚点3 的时候花费 了 99.999s ， 此时 锁下一刻就到了过期时间，并且锁就自动释放了，刚好，线程B 就获取了锁，并且执行加锁操作，此时线程A 开始执行了删除锁的操作，则会把线程B 的锁给误删了，解决办法用LUA脚本

LUA保证上锁和解锁原子性

@GetMapping("testLockLua")
public void testLockLua() {
    //1 声明一个uuid ,将做为一个value 放入我们的key所对应的值中
    String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    //2 定义一个锁：lua 脚本可以使用同一把锁，来实现删除！
    String skuId = "25"; // 访问skuId 为25号的商品 100008348542
    String locKey = "lock:" + skuId; // 锁住的是每个商品的数据

    // 3 获取锁
    Boolean lock = redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(locKey, uuid, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    // 第一种： lock 与过期时间中间不写任何的代码。
    // redisTemplate.expire("lock",10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//设置过期时间
    // 如果true
    if (lock) {
        // 执行的业务逻辑开始
        // 获取缓存中的num 数据
        Object value = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("num");
        // 如果是空直接返回
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
            return;
        }
        // 不是空 如果说在这出现了异常！ 那么delete 就删除失败！ 也就是说锁永远存在！
        int num = Integer.parseInt(value + "");
        // 使num 每次+1 放入缓存
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("num", String.valueOf(++num));
        /*使用lua脚本来锁*/
        // 定义lua 脚本    这行代码是重点，其他都是业务要求
        String script = "if redis.call('get', KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then return redis.call('del', KEYS[1]) else return 0 end";
        // 使用redis执行lua执行
        DefaultRedisScript<Long> redisScript = new DefaultRedisScript<>();
        redisScript.setScriptText(script);
        // 设置一下返回值类型 为Long
        // 因为删除判断的时候，返回的0,给其封装为数据类型。如果不封装那么默认返回String 类型，
        // 那么返回字符串与0 会有发生错误。
        redisScript.setResultType(Long.class);
        // 第一个要是script 脚本 ，第二个需要判断的key，第三个就是key所对应的值。
        redisTemplate.execute(redisScript, Arrays.asList(locKey), uuid);
    } else {
        // 其他线程等待
        try {
            // 睡眠
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            // 睡醒了之后，调用方法。
            testLockLua();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

redis6 访问控制列表

查看版本 连接上redis后

> info server
# Server
redis_version:7.0.4
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
redis_build_id:3dd7006b8d956e97
redis_mode:cluster
os:Linux 4.18.0-394.el8.x86_64 x86_64
arch_bits:64
monotonic_clock:POSIX clock_gettime
multiplexing_api:epoll
atomicvar_api:c11-builtin
gcc_version:8.5.0
process_id:81820
process_supervised:no
run_id:8be3b071af04cf27a44aa363e38e16f3ef42fb46
tcp_port:6381
server_time_usec:1663937042739113
uptime_in_seconds:18345
uptime_in_days:0
hz:10
configured_hz:10
lru_clock:2992658
executable:/usr/local/bin/redis-server
config_file:/data/soft/redis/redis-7.0.4/./redis6381.conf
io_threads_active:0

> ACL LIST
user default on nopass ~* &* +@all
user 代表是用户
default  用户名
on/of 启用/禁用
nopass 不需要密码

~*  &* +@all  操作命令  操作哪些key

~keypre:*  &* -@all +get
操作的key前面一定要加上keypre 这个字符串 操作命令一定要有get

# 查看可操作命令有哪些
acl cat 
> acl cat
keyspace
read
write
set
sortedset
list
hash
string
bitmap
hyperloglog
geo
stream
pubsub
admin
fast
slow
blocking
dangerous
connection
transaction
scripting

# 查看string 下 可操作命令有哪些
acl cat string 

> acl cat string
strlen
setrange
getdel
setex
incr
setnx
getrange
getset
set
lcs
substr
msetnx
mset
psetex
decr
decrby
mget
incrby
getex
append
incrbyfloat
get

ACL规则
类型	参数	说明
启动和禁用用户	on	激活某用户账号
	off	禁用某用户账号。注意，已验证的连接仍然可以工作。如果默认用户被标记为off，则新连接将在未进行身份验证的情况下启动，并要求用户使用AUTH选项发送AUTH或HELLO，以便以某种方式进行身份验证。
权限的添加删除	+command	将指令添加到用户可以调用的指令列表中
	-command	从用户可执行指令列表移除指令
	+@category	添加该类别中用户要调用的所有指令，有效类别为@admin、@set、@sortedset…等，通过调用ACL CAT命令查看完整列表。特殊类别@all表示所有命令，包括当前存在于服务器中的命令，以及将来将通过模块加载的命令。
	-@actegory	从用户可调用指令中移除类别
	allcommands	+@all的别名
	nocommand	-@all的别名
可操作键的添加或删除	~pattern	添加可作为用户可操作的键的模式。例如~*允许所有的键

创建用户并授权

1. 通过命令创建新用户默认权限

   acl setuser user1

   在上面的示例中，不指定权限 ，如果用户不存在，这将使用just created的默认属性来创建用户。如果用户已经存在，则上面的命令将不执行任何操作。

2. 设置有用户名、密码、ACL权限、并启用的用户
   acl setuser user2 on >123456 ~cached:* +get
   密码为123456 > 尖括号必须存在

3. acl whomi 当前账号的用户名

4. auth user2 password 切换用户

多线程

Redis执行命令依然是单线程+IO多路复用 而读线程是指
客户端交互部分的网络IO交互处理模块多线程，而非执行命令多线程。Redis6执行命令依然是单线程。

多线程IO默认也是不开启的，需要再配置文件中配置

io-threads-do-reads  yes 
io-threads 4

完结撒花